Drainage types

Prepared cottonseed meats containing 35 per cent of extractable oil are fed to a continuous countercurrent extractor of the intermittent drainage type using hexane as the solvent. The extractor consists of ten sections and the section efficiency is 50 per cent. The entrainment, assumed constant, is 1 kg solution/kg solids. What will be the oil concentration in the outflowing solvent if the extractable oil content in the meats is to be reduced by 0.5 per cent by mass ... 

To type crude oils (see Figure 2.13). This method uses an extremely accurate compositional analysis of crudes to determine their source and possible migration route. As a result of the accuracy It is possible to distinguish not only the oils of individual accumulations in a region, but even the oils from the different drainage units within a field. If sufficient samples were taken at the exploration phase of a field, geochemistry allows one to verify cross flow and preferential depletion of units during later production. 

Horizontal Rotating Pan Filters. These filters (Fig. 10) represent a further development of the tipping pan filter for continuous operation. They consist of a circular pan rotating around the central filter valve. The pan is divided into wedge-shaped sections covered with the filter medium. Vacuum is appHed from below. Each section is provided with a drainage pipe which connects to a rotary filter valve of the same type as in dmm filters. 

Corrosion between the support device and the pipeline must be avoided. Drainage is provided by the pipeline slope, normally 0.48—0.96 cm /m of length, and gaskets must be nonabsorbent and of a type that does not affect the food product. 

Equipment. Centrifugation equipment that separates by density difference is available in a variety of sizes and types and can be categorized by capacity range and the theoretical settling velocities of the particles normally handled. Centrifuges that separate by filtration produce drained soflds and can be categorized by final moisture, drainage time, G, and physical characteristics of the system, such as particle size and Hquid viscosity. 

Steep-Angle Conical Bottoms. Tanks often have a conical bottom where the slope exceeds 15—20° from the horizontal. This provides for complete drainage or even soflds removal. Because these types of tanks are more cosdy, they are limited to smaller sizes. Such tanks are often found in the chemical industry or in processing plants. 

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