Drag reducer addition

Drag reduction is caused by the viscoelasticity of polymer solutions (61). PIB is oil soluble and is thus interesting as a drag reducing additive for the transport of crude oil in pipelines (62). [Pg.167]

Studies on non-ionic surfactants as effective drag-reducing additives have been submitted by Zakin (1972). He studied various effects on three non-ionic surfactants formed from straight-chain alcohols and ethyleneoxide. These surfactants have an upper and a lower temperature limit for solubility in water and prove effective drag reducers near their upper critical solubility temperature or clouding point. The clouding point is the point at which a solution of a non-ionic agent in water becomes turbid as the temperature is raised. [Pg.123]

The non-ionic surfactants have an advantage over all the drag-reducing additives studied so far. They are both mechanically and chemically stable, do not precipitate in the presence of calcium, and hence can be used in all impure waters, sea water, brackish water, or concentrated brine solutions. They have an excellent potential for drag reduction at high temperatures. [Pg.123]

Gadd GE (1966) Differences in normal stress in aqueous solutions of turbulent drag reducing additives Nature 212 1348... [Pg.160]

Golda J (1986) Hydraulik transport of coal in pipes with drag reducing additives Chem Eng Comm 43 53... [Pg.160]

Gyr A (1968) Analogy between vortex stretching by drag-reducing additives and vortex stretching by fine suspensions Nature 219 928... [Pg.160]

Johnson B, Barchi RH (1968) Effect of drag reducing additives on boundary-layer turbulence J Hydronautics 2 108... [Pg.161]

Sellin RHJ, Hoyt JW, Scrivener O (1982) The effect of drag reducing additives on fluid flows and their industrial applications. Part 1 Basic aspects J Hydraulic Res 20 29... [Pg.164]

Zakin JL, Chang JC (1972) Nonionic surfactants as drag reducing additives Nature Phys... [Pg.165]

One other industrial application of cationic drag reducing additives is found in oil and gas production where cetyltrimethylammonium salicylate and cetyl pyridinium salicylate have been found simultaneously to reduce drag and inhibit corrosion of tubular steel injection lines [86]. [Pg.165]

Steiff, A. Althaus, W. Weber, M. Weinspach, P.M. Application of drag reducing additives in district heating systems—present state of... [Pg.784]

Hammer, F. Energiteknik, B.S. Hellsten, M. Full-scale test of drag reducing additives in Herning, Denmark. Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB Final Report, 2000. [Pg.784]

Drag reducing additives are used by pipeline companies to increase the volume of product they deliver. These high molecular weight polymers reduce turbulence in fluids flowing in a pipeline. This can increase the maximum flow rate by up to 40%. When the additive modified product passes through a pump, the additive is broken into smaller molecules that have no effect on product performance in engines. [Pg.53]

Types of effective surfactant drag-reducing additives... [Pg.89]

Types of Effective Surfactant Drag-Reducing Additives... [Pg.108]

Chou, L. C., Christensen, R. N., and Zakin, J. L., Drag reducing additives for district cooling systems, in Proceedings of the International District Heating and Cooling Conference, Vuginia Beach, VA, 1989, pp. 352—367. [Pg.117]

ED Berger, WR Munk, HA Wahl. Flow increase in the trans-Alaska pipeline through use of a polymeric drag-reducing additive. J Petrol Technol (Feb) 377, 1982. [Pg.492]

Zakin, J.L., and Chang, J.L., "Polyoxethylene Alcohol Non-Ionic Surfactants as Drag Reducing Additives", in Proc. Intern. Conf. Drag Reduction, p. Dl-1, Coles, N.G., ed., BHRA Fluid Engineering, Cranfield, Bedford, England (1974). [Pg.71]

It appears that the use of drag-reducing additives in hydraulic machines and hydraulic power stations is quite feasible. The additional investment is negligible- The power gain may be several hundred kW per kg of polymer at very low injection rates, hence, it may be economical at peak demands. [Pg.383]

Bilgen/ E., Vasseur/ P. Feasibility of utilization of drag reducing additives in hydraulic machines. 2nd Int. Conf. Drag Reduction/ Paper B4/ Cambridge 1977... [Pg.393]

Burger, E.D., Munk, W.R., Wahl, H.A. Flow increase in the Trans Alaska Pipeline using a polymeric drag reducing additive. S.P.E. Paper 9419, 1980... [Pg.394]

Kura et al. [81] 350 PEO solutions — — Effect of drag reducing additives on mass transfer in a stirred loop vessel. [Pg.560]

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