DPA = diphenylamine

Fig. 8. Ball powder batch process. NC = nitrocellulose, EA = ethyl acetate, DPA = diphenylamine, NG = nitroglycerine.

Key DBP, dibutylphthalate DNT, dinitrotoluene DPA, diphenylamine EC, ethylcentralite MC, methylcentralite MEDPA, methylethyldiphenylamine NC, nitrocellulose NDPA, a nitrodiphenylamine NG, nitroglycerine TNT, trinitrotoluene V, delected —, not detected. 

SCHEME 9. Valence isomerization of Q at an illuminated semiconductor particle. VB = valence band, CB = conduction band, DPA = diphenylamine, MV = methylviologen. Reprinted with permission from Ikezawa and Kutal, J. Org, Chem, 52, 3299. Copyright (1987) American Chemical Society... 

The first detailed investigation of the reaction kinetics was reported in 1984 (68). The reaction of bis(pentachlorophenyl) oxalate [1173-75-7] (PCPO) and hydrogen peroxide cataly2ed by sodium saUcylate in chlorobenzene produced chemiluminescence from diphenylamine (DPA) as a simple time—intensity profile from which a chemiluminescence decay rate constant could be determined. These studies demonstrated a first-order dependence for both PCPO and hydrogen peroxide and a zero-order dependence on the fluorescer in accord with an earher study (9). Furthermore, the chemiluminescence quantum efficiencies Qc) are dependent on the ease of oxidation of the fluorescer, an unstable, short-hved intermediate (r = 0.5 /is) serves as the chemical activator, and such a short-hved species "is not consistent with attempts to identify a relatively stable dioxetane as the intermediate" (68). 

Diphenylamine is a weak base, = 9 x lO ". Dilute acids are used to separate DPA from primary aromatic amines, such as aniline,... 

Diphenylamine can be alkylated exclusively in the ortho positions by reacting with an olefin in the presence of aluminum diphenylamide (7), which can be readily obtained by heating DPA with powdered aluminum, or more easily by treating sodium diphenylamide with AIQ. - Ethylene is more reactive than propylene, which in turn is more reactive than isobutylene. Eor a typical reaction, a small amount of the amide is generated in a DPA melt and ethylene is introduced under pressure (5 —30 MPa) at 200—400°C. The absorption of ethylene stops after about 30 min and 2,2 -diethyldiphenylamine is obtained in 95% yield. With propylene only a 25% yield of the 2,2 -diisopropyldiphenylamine is obtained. 

Diarylamiaes fuactioa as mbber antioxidants by breaking the peroxidative chain reactions leading to mbber deterioration. Nearly all commercial synthetic mbbers (see Elastomers, synthetic), including neoprene, butyl, styrene—butadiene, and the acrylonitrile—butadiene mbbers, can be protected with about 1—2% of an alkylated diphenylamine. DPA itself is not used as a mbber antioxidant. An objectionable feature of these antioxidants is that they cause discoloration and staining which limits their use to applications where this is not important. 

Acid-treated clay catalyst Engelhard F-24 was found to be very effective for the alkylation of diphenylamine (DPA) with an olefin such as a-methyl styrene (AMS) to obtain a mixture of mono and dialkylated diphenylamines (Chitnis and Sharma, 1995). For example, alkylation of DPA with AMS produced a mixture of 4-(a,a-dimethyl benzyl) diphenylamine, i.e. monocumyl-diphenylamine (MCDPA) and 4,4 -bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine, i.e. dicumyldiphenylamine (DCDPA) (Eqn.(l 1)). The dialkylated diphenylamine, i.e. DCDPA, is indu.strially important as an antioxidant and heat stabilizer. DCDPA is reported to be an ideal antioxidant for many materials like polyethylene, polypropylene, polyether polyol, polyacetals, nylon 6, synthetic lubricants, hot melt adhesives, etc. 

GC-MS and GC-AED techniques were used for the direct analysis of used tyre vacuum pyrolysis oil [255]. Antioxidants and antiwear additives (0.25-5 wt% DODPA, a-NPA, TCPs, TPP, IPPs) in lubricating synthetic oils, essentially esters of branched-chain alcohols such as pentaerythritol, neopentylglycol and trimethylolpropane, were determined by means of GC-SIM-MS using diphenylamine (DPA) as an internal standard [256] similarly, TCPs, TPP, IPPs, DPs and I2P were quantitatively analysed by GC-FPD using triethylphosphate (TEP) as an internal standard. RSD values of 3-6% were reported for GC-SIM-MS, and 7-9 % for GC-FPD. 

Abstract Hazardous effects of various amines, produced in the environment from the partial degradation of azo dyes and amino acids, adversely affect the quality of human life through water, soil and air pollution and therefore needed to be degraded. A number of such studies are already available in the literature, with or without the use of ultrasound, which have been summarized briefly. The sono-chemical degradation of amines and in the combination with a photocatalyst, TiC>2 has also been discussed. Similar such degradation studies for ethylamine (EA), aniline (A), diphenylamine (DPA) and naphthylamine (NA) in the presence of ultrasound, Ti02 and rare earths (REs) La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd, in aqueous solutions at 20 kHz and 250 W power have been carried out and reported, to examine the combinatorial efficacy of ultrasound in the presence of a photocatalyst and rare earth ions with reactive f-electrons. 

Synonyms N-phenylbenzeneamine N-pheny-laniline N,N-diphenylamine N-diphenylani-line DPA... 

Thus, the one-quantum phototransfer of the electron from Nh and DPA to CC14 via the tunneling mechanism occurs from the first singlet excited state of Nh and DPA molecules rather than from the first triplet excited state. Hence, the photoinduced electron transfer from naphthalene and diphenylamine to CC14 is performed via the reactions... 

J.B. Eldridge, Solid Propellant Mixtures , USP 3951706 (1976) CA 86, 65360 (1976) [The inventor claims that by modifying a doublebase proplnt (30—50%) by addn of a castable plastisol (nitrasol) binder (50—70%), with or without oxidizer and fuel, a castable solid pro-pint having improved and controllable burning characteristics over both types of propints is formed. Thus, a mixt of NC 22.8 and ethyl centralite 1.2 is blended for 30 mins with Petrin 96 and then, successively, AP 60 and atomized A1 30g are added. To this mixt is added 90g of 30 mesh double-base proplnt termed X-12 (consisting of NC 50, NG 38, DPA 59, 2-nitro-diphenylamine 2, Pb-j3-resorcylate 2 and can-... 

Mittal et al. investigated the electron transfer from diphenylamine (DPA) or triphenylamine (TPA) to two pentaphenylated fullerene derivatives (PPF). The... 

Apples Diphenylamine (DPA), Thiabendazole, and Azinphos Methyl Vitamins A, C, Potassium Oranges, Bananas, Kiwis, Watermelon, Tangerines... 

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