Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A 31-year old woman developed left lower quadrant pain after gonadotropin stimulation for IUI and a tender left inguinal mass after increasing ovarian stimulation for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The mass was successfully removed. 

Frydman R, Howies CM, Truong F. A double-blind, randomized study to compare recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH Gonal-F) with highly purified urinary FSH (Metrodin) HP) in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques including intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The French Multicentre Trialists. Hum Reprod 2000 15(3) 520-5. 

A provocative, nontechnical article on the ability to choose, with the aid of a flow cytometer, the sex of our children was written by L Belkin ( Getting the Girl in The New York Times Magazine, July 25, 1999, pp 26-55). Results from a clinic that sells this technique to prospective parents have been reported by Fugger EF, Black SH, Keyvanfar K, Schulman JD (1998). Births of normal daughters after MicroSort sperm separation and intrauterine insemination, in-vitro fertilization, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum. Reprod. 13 2367 2370. 

FI 1). Besides oocyte quantity, oocyte quality is also an important factor. Although immature oocytes can be fertilized in vitro, the incidence of pregnancy per transfer of immature eggs is half that of mature eggs (P8, V5). Oocytes with cytoplasmic abnormalities can be inseminated using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), but almost never lead to pregnancy (K3). 

K2. Kahraman, S., Vicdan, K., Isik, A. Z., Ozgun, O. D., Alaybeyoglu, L., etal., Clomiphene citrate challenge test in the assessment of ovarian reserve before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Reprod. Biol. 73, 177-182 (1997). 

U2. Ubaldi, F., Albano, C., Peukert, M., Riethmuller-Winzen, H., Camus, M., etal., Subtle progesterone rise after the administration of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Hum. Reprod. 11, 1405-1407 (1996). 

These observations are important for understanding the mechanism by which fertilization triggers the onset of development, and relevant to the successful fertilization of human oocytes in cases of assisted conception, particularly since the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Whereas normal sperm - oocyte fusion in humans is always followed by a train of periodic Ca spikes, ICSI only sometimes elicits similar Ca oscillations (Tesarik, Sousa Testart, 1994). Much attention is focused on the function of periodic Ca spikes in successful fertilization by ICSI (Taylor, 1994 Tesarik, 1994). In some species, such as sea urchin, a single Ca spike at fertilization induces zygote development, while a larger number of spikes may be needed in mammalian species. The pattern of Ca " spiking associated with successful fertilization may thus vary from species to species. 

Tesarik, J. 1994. How the spermatozoon awakens the oocyte Lessons from intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum. Reprod. 9 977-8. 

Newer tools for the detection of Y chromosome deletions have further strengthened (he hypothesis that the decline in male reproductive health and fertility may he related to the presence of these toxic chemical compounds in the environjnent. The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICST), a technique introduced in the early 1990s, i.s beyond doubt the most important recent breakthrough in the treatment of male infertility. This was made... 

Pinborg A, Loft A, Nyboe Andersen A (2004) Neonatal outcome in a Danish national cohort of 8602 children born after in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection the role of twin pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83(11) 1071-1078. 

In extreme conditions, when no fertility of thawed sperm is maintained, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) into a recipient oocyte can be... 

FERNANDEZ-GONZALEZ R, MOREIRA P N, PEREZ-CRESPO M, SANCHEZ-MARTEM M, RAMIREZ M A, PERICUESTA E, BILBAO A, BERMEJO-ALVAREZ P, DE DIOS HOURCADE J and D E FONSECA F R (2008) Long-term effects of mouse intracytoplasmic sperm injection with DNA-fragmented sperm on health and behavior of adult offspring. Biol Reprod, 78,761-772. 

LIN M H, Kuo-KUANG L R, LI s H, Lu c H, SUN F J and Hwu Y M (2008) Sperm chromatin structure assay parameters are not related to fertilization rates, embryo quality, and pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, but might be related to spontaneous abortion rates. Fertil Steril, 90,352-359. 

POLEO G A, DENNISTON R s, REGGIO B c, GODKE R A and TiERSCH T R (2001) Fertilization of eggs of zebrafish, Danio rerio, by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Biol Reprod, 65, 961-966. 

Transfection of sperm almost always resulted in significant loss of motility and necessitated artificial fertilization through intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Thus, there is a need to improve the transfection method of sperm without using electroporation or lipofection. 

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Procedure by which a single spermatozoa is inserted directly into an individual ovum in a laboratory. 

The first half of the twentieth century witnessed the discovery of the three most important hormones involved in reproduction, the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, and the male hormone testosterone. Soon after, companies began to manufacture the first synthetic hormones for the treatment of infertility. In 1944, the first laboratory test showing that human oocytes could be fertilized in vitro was carried out. Thirty-four years later, the first so-called test-tube baby was born in England, and sperm banks became more common. The late twentieth century saw two more milestones in infertility treatment the first successful implantation and pregnancy with an egg that had been cryopreserved and the development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection technology. 

A few human studies have evaluated serum or urinary BPA levels in relation to egg quality. A small prospective study of 58 sub-fertile women and 37 male partners undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSl) or conventional IVF did not find an association between serum BPA concentrations and oocyte maturation (Fujimoto et al. 2011). In two publications from the same prospective cohort of 84 women (Mok-Lin et al. 2010) and 147 women (Ehrlich et al. 2012b) undergoing IVF, increasing urinary BPA concentration was associated with decreased numbers of retrieved oocytes. These results suggest that BPA is associated with impaired oocyte yield during IVF and could affect oocyte maturation and fertilization, adversely affecting the success of IVF treatment. 

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