Dorsal vessel

Lepidopteran larvae exposed to anthranilamides exhibit rapid feeding cessation, general lethargy, and partial paralysis. Further, dorsal vessel (heart) studies with DP-012, revealed a rapid cardio-inhibitoiy effect in Manduca sexta larvae. Contraction frequency was attenuated in a dose-dependent manor with injection of 3 ng/g (body weight) attenuating the contraction by 27%. As shown in Table II, the rank potency for anthranilamides is comparable to its lepidopteran toxicity with DP-012 > DP-010 > DP-002. 

In this section, we discuss the genetic networks that control lumen formation of the Drosophila dorsal vessel. In particular, we discuss the necessary changes in cell shape and cell-cell adhesion that occur during lumen formation, and the requirement of G-protein signaling for maintenance of the cardiac tube. 

Formation of the dorsal vessel lumen also depends on the transmembrane receptor. Uncoordinated 5 (Unc5). Unc5 represents the single Drosophila homolog of a conserved... 

These studies suggest a novel pathway in which heterotrimeric G-protein signaling controls proper localization and function of SJ proteins at the pericardial adhesion domain of CBs, which leads to the establishment of stable "SJ-like" adhesive contacts with pericardial cells to maintain the mature dorsal vessel lumen. 

In this chapter, we have reviewed our current imderstanding of how lumens form and are maintained in the dorsal vessel, salivary gland and trachea of the Drosophila embryo. Lumen formation in the Drosophila embryonic salivary gland and primary branches of the trachea occurs concomitantly with invagination of the salivary gland and tracheal cells from the embryo surface. Thus, it is not entirely surprising that lumen size control in these two epithelial-based organs share similar cellular and molecular mechanisms, such as the roles... 

Although the structure and function of the Drosophila embryonic dorsal vessel, salivary gland and trachea may differ from mote complex organs of other organisms, it is dear that there are conserved mechanisms for lumen formation. Thus, the study of tube and lumen... 

Grey-scale ultrasonography allows evaluation of the relationships between postoperative fluid collections and the normal penile anatomical structures (Bertolotto et al. 2005). In particular, the Buck s fascia becomes appreciable as a layer distinct from the tunica albuginea when fluid extravasation accumulates between them. The Colles fascia is barely visible in pathological conditions as well, but it is possible to assess vdiether a fluid collection develops in the space between the Buck s and the Colles fascia vdien it is identified above the deep dorsal vessels. 

Penile abscesses present at ultrasonography as hypoechoic collections with corpuscolated content and internal debris. As occurs for abscesses elsewhere, a thick wall can be present with vascular signals at Doppler interrogation. Thrombosis of the dorsal vessels can be associated. 

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