Doping control method

Such yes/no decisions are of great importance in foodstuffs control and environmental analysis. They also play an important role in pharmacy in the form of content uniformity tests. Without suitable screening methods for rapid detection of positive samples it would scarcely be possible to carry out economic doping controls and toxicological investigations or to recognize medicament abuse. 

Routine analysis of common designer drugs in human biological fluids (e.g., plasma, urine) is a major concern in doping control, surveillance of drug substitution, clinical toxicology, as well as forensic science.Method sensitivity is often an issue since many drugs... 

Doping substances include most of the drugs already discussed in the previous sections (e.g., drugs of abuse like amphetamines, cocaine, opiates pharmaceutical drugs like diuretics, beta-blockers, etc.) and, in most cases, the described methods may be extended to doping control applications. 

Goebel, C., Trout, G.J., Kazlasuskas, R. Rapid screening method for diuretics in doping control using automated solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim. Acta 502, 65-74 (2004)... 

Also known as endogenous in male horses and prohibited as a doping agent is 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone Figure 2.1). Kim et al. (2000a) validated an LC-MS-MS method for the detection and quantitation of three different commercially available esters, but 19-nortestosterone esters are rapidly hydrolyzed in horse plasma, which limits the usefulness of this method in racehorse doping control. 

Virus ED, Sobolevsky TG, Rodchenkov GM (2008) Introduction of HPLC/orbitrap mass spectrometry as screening method for doping control. J Mass Spectrom 43 949—957... 

For sport doping control, many of the methods are designed to test urine specimens. A large volume of urine is easy to collect and less invasive than the collection of a blood sample. Fnrthermore, most target compounds remain in the bloodstream for only short periods of time and are rapidly metabolized and excreted into the urine. When analyzing urine, it is possible to detect both parent drug and metabolites for several hours after the drug has been cleared from the circulation. 

Given the large number of compounds that are monitored in sports doping control programs no single screening method can detect all the relevant componnds. Therefore, liqnid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods are typically nsed in conjunction with other techniqnes snch as gas... 

A method based on LC—MS—MS for doping control, allowing quantitative determination of the plasma volume expander dextran. The dextran polymer is enzymatically converted into disaccharides, such as lactose, saccharose, and isomaltose the analyte is detected in human urine. After the basal concentration of isomaltose was established, the concentration of dextran was measured as isomaltose in urine specimens obtained from patients treated with dextran. Linear and repro-ducihle catihration curves for dextran were obtained. Inter-and intraassay coefficients of variation 4.9-7.3% between 53 and 1186 p-g/ml concentration levels. Recovery scattered between 97 and 112%. Lower limit of detection ... 

Doped Silica for Optical Communications (Fiber and Planar Waveguides). This is a very specialized, highly technical topic. It will be expanded on in Sec. 6.7 and in Chap. 7. The desired optical properties of the various optical system components are often produced by a controlled geometrical distribution of dopant ion concentrations in the glass. Here we briefly discuss the needs for such doping and methods for achieving it. 

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