Dopaminergic compound

Because chronic cocaine use appears to reduce the efficiency of central dopamine neurotransmission, a number of dopaminergic compounds, including amantadine, bromocriptine, mazindol, and methylphenidate, have been examined as treatments for cocaine abuse. It is thought that these relatively slow-onset dopaminergic agents, with low or relatively low abuse potential, would correct the dopamine dysregulation and alleviate withdrawal symptoms following chronic stimulant use. 

K. T. Hansen, P. Faarup, H. Bundgaard, Carbamate Ester Prodrugs of Dopaminergic Compounds Synthesis, Stability, and Bioconversion ,. /. Pharm. Sci. 1991, 80, 793-798. 

The synthesis of a number of radiolabelled apomorphine derivatives has been described.59-62 A full paper has appeared on the preparation of (—)-2,10,11-trihydroxy-/V-(n-propyl)noraporphine, a dopaminergic compound with anticonvulsant activity.63 The potential dopamine-inhibiting properties of (—)-N-(2-chloroethyl)norapomorphine and related compounds have been assessed. A-Chloroethylation in the aporphine series can abolish dopamine agonist action, and can confer a long-lasting dopamine antagonist potential.64... 

The structure of a catechol itself can be replaced by analogous heterocycles in various derivatives. All these compounds share the ability to chelate metal atoms and to form hydrogen-bonded second rings, the benzimidazole imitates this by way of a covalent ring structure.182 A successful bioisosteric replacement of a phenol or a catechol moiety is the 2-aminothiazolyl moiety. Active dopaminergic compounds which possess such a moiety are B-HT 920 (32)183 and pramipexole (19).146,154,155... 

Figure 14 The structure of a dopaminergic compound in which the C—N bond is free to rotate compared to the three required dopaminei c vectors. The dashed lines show the ligand atoms and distances that could be used to define the location of the receptor binding point for the nitrc en atom independent of the C—torsional angle.

Dopaminergic compounds in the fruits with in vitro prolactin-suppressive activity are di-terpenes, including rotundifuran and others (clerodadienols). ... 

Shashoua VE, Hesse GW, 1996. N-docosahexaenoyl, 3 hydroxytyramine A dopaminergic compound that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and suppresses appetite. Life Sci. 58(16) 1347. 

Unlike aniracetam, pramiracetam does not appear to interact with dopaminergic, serotonergic, or adrenergic neurotransmission (72). The agent inhibits prolylendopeptidase in certain brain areas, but its inhibition constant, iC, is only 11 ]lM (69). The absence or weak activity of this compound with various neuronal systems appears to make it less likely to be of significant therapeutic value than other members of this class of agents. 

Until recently, d-fenfiuramine was used to control appetite, in preference to d-amphetamine, because it has a lower affinity for the catecholamine transporter and so its uptake into noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons is much less than that of amphetamine. This is thought to explain why, at anorectic doses, this compound lacks the psychotropic effects and dependence-liability that are real problems with if-amphetamine. Unfortunately, despite this therapeutic advantage, this compound has had to be withdrawn from the clinic because of worries that it might cause primary pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease and even long-term neuropathy. 

It could not be anticipated that the extension of the alpha-methyl of MDMA to an alpha-ethyl would also attenuate the effects of the compound on dopaminergic pathways in the brain. In contrast to MDMA, MBDB has no significant effect either on inhibition of uptake of dopamine into striatal synaptosomes (Steele et al. 1987) or on release of dopamine from caudate... 

A number of azetidine-based compounds have been disclosed in patent applications from Aventis Pharma for CBi-modulated treatment of diseases such as obesity, Parkinson s disease, schizophrenia, respiratory and neurological diseases [330-334]. Compound (556) was specifically claimed for use in two formulation patent applications [330, 331] for a stable semi-solid composition and oral emulsion composition, respectively. The optional coadministration of an agent that activates norepinephrinergic and se-rotoninergic neurotransmission (for example, sibutramine) or dopaminergic neurotransmission was also claimed for the treatment of obesity. The optional use of a dopamine agonist (for example, levodopa) was claimed... 

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