Domain formation and

Siepmann JI and IR McDonald 1993a. Domain Formation and System-size Dependence in Simulatio of Self-assembled Monolayers. Langmuir 9 2351-2355. 

Ac-susceptibility measurements on (Ga,Mn)As with x = 0.042 have been performed in alternating B from 0.1-4 mT. In the temperature dependence of susceptibility, there is a sharp peak at about 48 K at 0.1 mT, which suggests a ferromagnetic phase transition. The temperature and magnetic field dependence is rather complicated and an increase of B involves additional peaks (the number of which up to 4), which may be due to domain formation and domain wall movement (Sadowski et al. 2000). There is also a report about ac-susceptibility measurements on (Ga,Mn)As with x = 0.07, which shows that there is no difference between the field-cooled and zero-field cooled ac-susceptibilities measured with B = 10 mT (Van Esch et al. 1997). 

Also, it is not the overall lipophilicity of a drug molecule determined in octanol-buffer that is important, but the 3-D distribution pattern of lipophilicity on the surface of the molecule, which may generate a hydrophobic-hydrophilic dipole. Such a dipole can determine the specific interaction and orientation of an amphiphilic drug in a highly structured biological membrane. This includes domain formation and accumulation, change in drug conformation, and so forth. All this is... 

These results are in agreement with the aforementioned findings and support the assumption that drug-membrane interactions leading to severe changes in membrane structure (domain formation and heterogeneity) can affect the functioning of embedded proteins such as Na+, k+-ATPase, P-gp, and PKC. 

Le Grand (36) has developed a model to account for domain formation and stability based on the change in free energy which occurs between a random mixture of block copolymer molecules and a micellar domain structure. The model also considers contributions to the free energy of the domain morphology resulting from the interfacial boundary between phases and elastic deformation of the domains. 

The domain formation and movement are dominated by three energies (1) the exchange energy, Eq. (5.9.19) (2) the crystalline anisotropy energy,... 

Considering techniques that allow the imaging of lipid surfaces, scanning probe microscopes such as the atomic force microscope (AFM) (13, 23) have become very appealing. The AFM allows measurements of native lipid samples under physiologic-like conditions and while biological processes are at work. It is hence often used to determine lipid membrane stmctures, stmctural defects in membranes, domain formation, and even the behavior of lipid rafts with high nanometer-scale lateral resolution. 

Ion Transport, Domain Formation and Pores in Vesicle Membranes... 

T. Kaasgaard, O.G. Mouritsen, and K. Jorgensen. Lipid domain formation and ligand-receptor distribution in lipid bilayer membranes investigated by atomic force microscopy. FEBS Lett., 2002, 515,... 

We may now visualize more clearly the interrelationships between morphology (as revealed by electron microscopy) and the time- and temperature-dependent modulus. Both experiments yield information about phase domain formation and extent of molecular mixing, but in different... 

A somewhat more sophisticated approach to domain formation and fine structure was taken by Meier (1969,1970). As with Inoue et al. (1970a,f ) and Krause (1969,1970,1971), the A-B junction was restricted to a location somewhere in the interfacial region. Meier s model (Figure 4.11) assumes that random flight statistics and regular solution theory hold, that statistical chain segments (not block lengths) are of equal size, and that chain perturbation is characterized by the usual parameter a ... 

Domain Formation and Fluctuations in Molecular Binary Mixtures The Teubner-Strey Approach to... 

Siepmann, J. I., and McDonald, I. R. (1993) Domain Formation and System-Size Dependence in Simulations of Self-Assembled Monolayers, Langmuir 9, 2351-2355. 

Figure 20.4 A model for the mechanism of ceramide domain formation and invagination in a PC/SM membrane, induced by the asymmetric action of SMase. For the sake of clarity only the monolayer subject to the action of SMase is illustrated. The symbols used for the lipid headgroups are (O) SOPC, ( ) SM, ( ) ceramide. The scale bar corresponds to 50 pm.

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