Domain extensions

Recently, due to increased interest in membrane raft domains, extensive attention has been paid to the cholesterol-dependent liquid-ordered phase in the membrane (Subczynski and Kusumi 2003). The pulse EPR spin-labeling DOT method detected two coexisting phases in the DMPC/cholesterol membranes the liquid-ordered and the liquid-disordered domains above the phase-transition temperature (Subczynski et al. 2007b). However, using the same method for DMPC/lutein (zeaxanthin) membranes, only the liquid-ordered-like phase was detected above the phase-transition temperature (Widomska, Wisniewska, and Subczynski, unpublished data). No significant differences were found in the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on the lateral organization of lipid bilayer membranes. We can conclude that lutein and zeaxanthin—macular xanthophylls that parallel cholesterol in its function as a regulator of both membrane fluidity and hydrophobicity—cannot parallel the ability of cholesterol to induce liquid-ordered-disordered phase separation. 

Of particular practical value for studies of fibers is /, (x3) (the intensity projected on the direction of the fiber axis, x3). It measures the average domain extensions and their arrangement in fiber direction. The information contained in this intensity describes the longitudinal structure after Bonart [16]. In order to demonstrate the chord distributions related to the longitudinal structure we may imagine that one of the directions indicated in Fig. 8.17 were the fiber axis. 

SMART (Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool) [12-14] is a Web-based resource used for the annotation of protein domains and the analysis of domain architectures, with particular emphasis on mobile eukaryotic domains. Extensive annotation for each domain family is available, providing information relating to function, subcellular localization, phyletic distribution and tertiary structure. The January 2002 release has added more than 200 hand-curated domain models. This brings the total to over 600 domain families that are widely represented among nuclear, signalling and extracellular proteins. Annotation now includes links to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database in cases where a human disease is associated with one or more mutations in a particular domain, (http //smart, embl-heidelberg. de/help/smart about. shtml)... 

The process must be repeated until all domain indices in the null-space of / have been treated, resulting in a completely localized description. In some cases, more elaborate localization techniques, such as routing and domain extensions, will be needed to localize an equation completely [16]. Also, support is needed to guide the choice of appropriate pipelining/routing vectors. This decision can also be automated [22]. 

Although Taylor s leaky dielectric theory provides a good qualitative description for the deformation of a Newtonian drop in an electric field, the validity of its analytical results is strictly limited to the drop experiencing small deformation in an infinitely extended domain. Extensive experiments showed a serions difference in this theoretical prediction [34]. 

Software maintenance and evolution is typically very costly. In the safety-critical domain, extensibility and reconfigurability have to be traded for simplicity, with impact on maintainability. We consider here what we call block-configurable software, which achieves this compromise by adopting an architecture that supports configuration via structured input data. 

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