Doctorate degrees history

Kipping, a Manchester native, studied with Roscoe and Schorlemmer, then spent a year (1886) in Munich at Adolf von Baeyer s laboratory where Perkin, Jr., was Privatdozent and von Baeyer s assistant. Kipping completed his London doctoral degree in 1887 and was Armstrong s assistant from 1890 to 1897. See Partington, A History of Chemistry, IV 851. And Robert Robinson, Memoirs, 2223. 

Antoine-Henri Becquerel was bom the son of the physicist Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel, and the grandson of the physicist Antoine-Cesar Becquerel, and it is not surprising that he followed in their footsteps. It is also not surprising that his research interests centered around solar radiation and phosphorescence, as these are phenomena that his father had investigated. He entered the Ecole Polytechnique, in Paris, in 1872, which he left in 1874 and to which he subsequently returned. Becquerel received a doctorate degree from the Faculty of Sciences of Paris in 1888. In 1892, he was appointed professor of applied physics in the Department of Natural History at the Paris Museum, and in 1895, professor of physics at the Ecole Polytechnique. 

Fig. 3.1-14. Bachelors and doctorate degrees conferred in chemistry and in history, by level, 1890-1978. (See Table 3.1, column 4 Table 3.3, column 4 and Table 3.13,...

Professor of Physics Applied to Natural History was created for his father at the Museum d Histoire Naturelle, Edmund had the dilemma of choosing to attend TEcole Normale, I Ecole Polytechnique, or become an assistant to his father for the course that went with the professorship. He chose to assist his fatlier, and their collaboration continued for decades. Thus, his title on the title page of the hook published in 1855-1856 with his father is given as Professeur all Cousei vatoire imperial des Ai ts et Metiers, Aide-naturaliste au Museum d Histoire Naturelle, etc. After a short period as assistant at la. Sorhonne, and then as Professor at the Institut Agronomique de Versailles, he became Professor at the Cousei vatoire des Ai ts et Metiers in 1852, where he worked for almost forty years. When his father died in 1878, Edmond succeeded him as director of the Museum in addition to his professorship. He received a degree as Doctor of Science from the University of Paris in 1840, and was elected a member of I Academie des Sciences in 1863. 

Today s workforce is the best educated and best informed in history. The number of pharmacists entering the workforce with an entry-level doctor of pharmacy degree increases every year. Many of these grad-... 

Marco Fontani received his undergraduate degree in materials chemistry from the University of Florence and subsequently his doctorate in the chemical sciences at the University of Perugia. In 2003, he joined the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Florence. He is the author of over 100 papers in materials chemistry, organometallic chemistry, and electrochemistry, as well as in the history of chemistry. 

Science history and especially philosophy become very important at the postgraduate and doctorate levels. In English the title Ph.D. means Doctor of Philosophy . This is tantamount to saying that anybody with Ph.D. degree should know at least in his/her topic of doctorate the philosophy of the subject that s/he is concerned with. Philosophy means not mathematical symbols, formulations or computer algorithms but their linguistic explanations. 

In 1807, Fourier presented his work to the most qualified doctoral committee in history, including Laplace, Lagrange, and Monge. Poisson was also involved. Lagrange was critical so Fourier s degree was delayed. 

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