Do-maker process

Measured quantities of the pre-ferment are mixed with flour. The dough is then subjected to the combination of intense mixing and the action of the oxidising agent. It is then extruded and cut into loaf sized portions, proved and baked. Bread made by the Do-Maker process has a very even crumb texture, which is characteristic of the process. 

The AMFLOW process is similar to the Do-Maker process but the mixing chamber is horizontal rather than vertical. The pre-ferment stage is more complicated as it is multi-stage. 

The Do-Maker process is believed to have been first used in the UK in 1956, before the CBP was invented. In 1969 around 35% of American bread was made by continuous processes. This percentage has been declining since the 1970s. Neither the Do-Maker nor the AMFLOW process is currently used in the UK. 

The sort of British bakeries that might once have used the Do-Maker or AMFLOW process have almost certainly changed to the CBP. American bakeries have almost certainly not changed to the CBP process. The CBP process is little used in the USA and mostly not in mainstream bakeries. One reason is that American bakers claim that the bread does not taste the same. Another problem is that average ambient... 

A low consistency suspension of fibres, pigments and chemical additives (thin stock) flows on to the moving wire mesh filtration medium of the paper machine where the wet web is formed. The water which drains away in this process (white water) is then recycled as far as it is practical to do so and is used to dilute the incoming high consistency suspension (thick stock). Retention can be considered either in overall terms or in terms of a single pass of the thin stock across the machine wire (first pass retention). For efficient operation, paper makers aim to achieve as high a first pass retention as possible, which they do by the use of retention aids. This reduces material losses and also assists in minimising the level of suspended solids in the effluent. 

As with strategic planning, the process of business planning produces a written plan. A key point to clarify here is that the business plan needs to be written with the audience in mind. If the decision maker is the chief executive officer (CEO) and/or chief financial officer (CFO), then the plan should be written so that it is applicable to and appropriate for that audience. Business plans that do not consider the audience are less likely to be acted on favorably. A common mistake by authors of business plans (including pharmacists) is to write in a manner that is too technical or detailed, thus failing to hold the attention of executives, who might be the decision makers. 

One set of properties over which charcoal makers do have some control is the size and shape of the wood pieces loaded into the kiln. Many practical considerations affect the way wood pieces are cut and shaped before being put in the kiln. The first of these is the wood source. If waste wood from wood-processing industries is being used as a feedstock, then the size and shape of the wood pieces are largely predetermined. However, if the wood comes from plantations grown specifically to supply the kilns, there is greater scope for optimising size and shape characteristics. Desirable features include ... 

Be an effective decision maker. Express the goal as results to be achieved rather than as actions to be taken. Make decisions based on some criteria that are explicit and measurable. Distinguish between must criteria (the process must have an internal rate of return of 35%) and want criteria (the process might have the potential to be licensed). Reject options that do not meet the must criteria. Use a rating system to score the want criteria. 

One of the studies of cloth diapers assumed a life of 92 uses (a study funded by the disposable industry), whereas the other assumed 167 uses (a study funded by the cloth diaper industry). A study funded by the disposable diaper industry assumed an energy cost for transporting the cotton to China where the diapers were made. One would have to check to see what fraction of cloth diapers are made this way. Disposable diaper makers have pushed composting as a method of disposal. Most cities do not compost this type of waste. The polyolefins would not degrade well in this process, even though the lack of stabilizers in the polypropylene might allow it to become powder. 

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