Divinyl ether:maleic anhydride

Divinyl ether-maleic anhydride [DIVEMA] is a water-soluble polymer that has antitumor activity against various types of tumors. The biological activities of DIVEMA are due to its ability to activate immunocompetent macrophages and natural killer cells. DIVEMA may be used as a drug carrier for superoxide 

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In this section wc consider systems where the radical formed by propagation can eyclizc to yield a new propagating radical. Certain 1,4-dicncs undergo cyclocopolymerization with suitable olefins. For example, divinyl ether and MAH are proposed to undergo alternating copolymerization as illustrated in Scheme 4.19.167 These cyclo-copolymerizations can he quantitative only for the case of a strictly alternating copolymer. This can be achieved with certain electron donor-electron acceptor pairs, for example divinyl ether-maleic anhydride. 

Methotrexate-7-Hydrazide and Divinyl Ether—Maleic Anhydride Conjugate Antitumor Activity in Mice... 

Material. Methotrexate-y-hydrazide was prepared by a modified procedure described by Rosowsky (14). Divinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer was purchased from Hercules Incorporated (Wilmington, DE) and had an average molecular weight of 11,400. Centriprep-10 concentrators were purchased from Amicon (Danvers, MA). 

MVE-2 (Divinyl ether-maleic anhydride DIVEMA copolymer) (Mw < 18000) Activity demonstrated against numerous tumor models through stimulation of host immune system. LI210 bearing mice treated with MVE-2 and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine led to a number of cures 65... 

Polymeric N-oxides, like 2, show no activity in this test. An activation of the RHS-system has also been supposed to be die reason for the antitumor action of divinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers [5] which have been described for the first time by Regelson (32) as interferon inductors. 

Breslow DS, Edwards El, Newburg NR. Divinyl ether-maleic anhydride (Pyran) copolymer used to demonstrate the effect of molecular weight on biological activity. Nature 1973 246 160-162. 

Figure 1. The 90-MHz NMR spectrum of hydrolyzed divinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer in D,O at 58°C taken on a Nicolet NT-360WB.

FREEMAN AND BRESLOW Divinyl Ether-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer 249... 

Finally, our studies show all divinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers examined to date to be a mixture of the 5-membered and 6-membered bicyclic structures. The primary evidence for this, of course, is the presence of peak B at ca. 35 ppm which is assigned to the methylene carbon on a tetrahydropyran ring. Major features of the spectrum can be readily explained based on the available data present by both us and Professor Kunitake. However, still in question is the meaning of the fine structure contained particularly in peaks D, E, and F with respect to the relative stereochemistry of the copolymer as produced. 

Hirano T, Ohashi S, Morimoto S, Tsukada K, Kobayashi T, Tsukagoshi S. Synthesis of antitumor-active conjugates of adriamycin or daunomycin with the copolymer of divinyl ether maleic anhydride. Makromol Chem 1986 187 2815-2824. 

VOL Volkova, I.F., Gorshkova, M.Yu., Izumrudov, V.A., and Stotskaya, L.L., Interaction of a polycation with divinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer in aqueous solutions (Russ.), Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. A, 46, 1388, 2004. 

The interaction of polymer-solvent affects rheological properties. Studies on a divinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer show that molecular structure of die copolymer can be altered by the solvent selected for synfliesis." Studies have shown that the thermal and UV stability of PVC is affected by the presence of solvents. ... 

Divinyl ether/ maleic anhydride Divinyl ether/ maleic imide Divinyl ether/ fumaronitrile 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether/ maleic anhydride / -Dioxene/... 

Interferon, first discovered in 1957 [12], is a substance of protein-like structure which is produced in the cells of vertebrates in response to viral infection, and possesses antiviral action. Today, it is generally accepted that interferons play an essential role in the formation of a host s nonspecific resistance to superinfection with a second virus [13]. Thus, the role of interferon in combating viral infections may be similar to that of antibodies toward bacterial infections. It is immediately apparent that a successful and readily available interferon inducer, such as the divinyl ether-maleic anhydride cyclocopolymer (DVE-MA) may be, could play an extremely significant role not only in aiding in recovery from a viral infection, but in its use in prior generation of interferon to prevent a viral attack. 

The divinyl ether-maleic anhydride system represents an example of special case (b) in which there is a strong alternating tendency and the resultant copolymer composition is 1 2 in DVE MA. 

Butler and Joyce [19] presented evidence that 1,4-dienes and alkenes which most readily undergo cyclocopolymerization also form charge-transfer complexes with each other. In the case of the divinyl ether-maleic anhydride system, the complex... 

Zeegers and Butler [43] studied the kinetics of the AIBN-initiated copolymerization of divinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether with maleic anhydride in seven different solvents. The yield at 100% conversion as a function of the feed composition when the total monomer concentration was kept constant gave confirmation of the composition of these copolymers Divinyl ether maleic anhydride=l 2 and ethyl vinyl ether maleic anhydride = 1 1. The study of the initial rate as a function of the feed composition made it possible to determine the relative values of the different propagation rate constants consistent with a mechanism by successive and selective additions. In the ethyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride system, addition of ethyl vinyl ether is slower than addition of maleic anhydride in the divinyl ether-maleic anhydride system, the addition of divinyl ether is slower than addition of the first molecule, while addition of the second maleic anhydride molecule is slower than the first one. The study of... 

Fig. 10. Intrinsic viscosities of divinyl ether maleic anhydride cyclocopolymer Sample No. 24 fractions in acetone at 30+0.1 °C. Curve 1 was calculated.

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