Distributed light sources

Reactors with distributed light sources (Mukherjee and Ray, 1999). 

The position of the irradiation source immersed light source, external fight source, and distributed light sources such as reflectors or optical fibers... 

Compare the so-called soft (i.e., widely distributed small sources) and hard (i.e., fewer very large sources) paths for the future provision of energy for light, heat, and power. 

The advantages of microreactors, for example, well-defined control of the gas-liquid distributions, also hold for photocatalytic conversions. Furthermore, the distance between the light source and the catalyst is small, with the catalyst immobilized on the walls of the microchannels. It was demonstrated for the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol in a microreactor that the reaction was truly kinetically controlled, and performed with high efficiency [32]. The latter was explained by the illuminated area, which exceeds conventional reactor types by a factor of 4-400, depending on the reactor type. Even further reduction of the distance between the light source and the catalytically active site might be possible by the use of electroluminescent materials [19]. The benefits of this concept have still to be proven. 

Figure 2.3 Numerical analysis of a nano-light-source generated by a metallic nano-tip. (a) Model for numerical analysis, (b) Intensity distribution of light scattered by the metallic nano-tip.

The interferometric measurements with RIfS can be parallelized as demonstrated in Figure 18. In this case, instead of white light interferometry, only a few wavelengths are used to allow parallel detection of all measurement dots. A filter wheel selects one wavelength at a time from the white light source, while the CCD camera monitors the intensity distribution at the transducer for all spots, in this case in a microtiter plate35. 

Argon (Ar), 17 343. See also ArF laser bulk quantities of, 17 363 commercial distribution of, 17 362-363 cryogenic shipping, 8 40 doubly ionized, 14 684—685 economic aspects of, 17 365-366 electrostatic properties of, 1 621t in ethylene oxidation, 10 651 gas bulk separation, l 618t high purity, 13 460, 468 in light sources, 17 371-372 liquefaction, 8 40... 

Warnings are often given that acceleration factors for relating artificial light sources with service are meaningless, because of both the variation in solar irradiation and the variation in spectral distribution. Regardless of this, acceleration factors are estimated, and indeed have to be if any extrapolation from accelerated tests is to be made. 

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