Artificial light sources

Warnings are often given that acceleration factors for relating artificial light sources with service are meaningless, because of both the variation in solar irradiation and the variation in spectral distribution. Regardless of this, acceleration factors are estimated, and indeed have to be if any extrapolation from accelerated tests is to be made. 

There does not seem to be one definitive collection of measured data for various locations world wide, although quite a lot have been collected by Wypych [6]. Figures for total irradiation cannot be sensibly used because it is necessary to work with the irradiation at the more important UV wavelengths to make comparison with the artificial light sources. 

Figures were obtained for the 295-385 nm band of 280 and 333 MJ/m2/year for Florida and Arizona respectively. Combining these with figures given by Davis and Sims [7] for total irradiance in Fondon and Phoenix (75 and 175 kcalories/cm2/year, respectively) and making several assumptions, rough acceleration factors were calculated for artificial light sources ...

Accelerated weathering is based on using an artificial light source in a cabinet in which the humidity, water spray and temperature can also be controlled. The core feature of an... 

The photocycloaddition of a carbonyl compound to an alkene was discovered as early as 1909 by Paterno and Chiefifi [78] who employed sunlight as the irradiation source. In the 1950s the reaction was more intensively investigated by Biichi et al. [79] using artificial light sources. The Paterno-Biichi reaction has been studied mechanistically [80] and some important aspects are summarized in Scheme 37. Upon n r -excitation (1=280-350 nm), aldehydes... 

Avoid exposure to sunlight and artificial light sources... 

Avoid exposure to artificial light sources and sunlight... 

ISO 4892-1, 1999. Plastics. Methods of exposure to artificial light sources. General guidance. 

The development of the relationships between scattered light and aerosols has stimulated the use of radiation transfer theory for remote sensing of particles in planetary atmospheres. Highly sophisticated experimental and theoretical techniques have emerged for the interpretation of observations of sunlight and artificial light sources in the earth s atmosphere. A description of their application depends on further development of the concepts of radiant energy transfer. 

Development of artificial light sources, and especially the introduction of lasers, brought about an enormous increase in research on light-biomatter interactions. Thus the application of inorganic photochemistry and photophysics generates challenging new areas in bioscience and biotechnology. 

For artificial light sources, two values are important the color temperature in degrees Kelvin and the relative spectral distribution of the light source S(k), where X shows that the radiant energy is dependent on wavelength. 

Photolysis is another common degradation pathway because light-sensitive drugs can be affected by either sunlight or artificial light sources such as... 

Photolysis aqueous photolysis = 1900-19000 h, based on experimental photolysis data utilizing an artificial light source (Draper Crosby 1983 quoted, Howard et al. 1991) ... 

Photosensitivity is a common adverse effect of the fluoroquinolones. It results from an abnormal reaction of the skin to natural or artificial light sources, usually associated with the UVA part of the electromagnetic spectrum (315-400 nm), mediated by the absorption of light energy into fluoroquinolones, followed by degradation of the molecule and formation of cytotoxic photoproducts (64). 

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