Discoveiy

The discoveiy of a condition causing or amounting to imminent danger to health, safety or the environment... 

Nobel Prize to R. Curl. H. Kroto and R. E. Smalley for discoveiy of the fullerenes. 

The study of 8-N compounds is one of the most active areas of current inorganic research many novel cyclic and acyclic compounds are being prepared which have unusual stmctures and which pose considerable problems in terms of simple bonding theory. The discoveiy in 1975 that the polymer (8N)jc is a metal whose conductivity increases with decrease in... 

With the discoveiy of electricity, the evolution of communications occurred at a rapid rate. Smoke signals that were used for hundreds of years to convey information at a word or two per minute were first replaced by the use of copper-based conductors, such as the telegraph, that transmitted twenty to forty words per minute. By the end of the twentieth century, lasers with fiber optic wires transmitted an entire book around the world in under a second. 

In November 1919 Einstein became the mythical figure he is to this day. In May of that year two solar eclipse expeditions had (in the words of the astronomer Eddington) confirm[ed] Einstein s weird theory of non-Euclidean space. On November 6 the president of the Royal Society declared in London that this was the most remarkable scientific event since the discoveiy [in 18461 of the predicted existence of the planet Neptune. ... 

All these multifarious activities took a lot of Einstein s energies but did not keep him from his physics research. In 1922 he published Ins first paper on unified field theoiy, an attempt at incorporating not only gravitation but also electromagnetism into a new world geometry, a subject that was his main concern until the end of his life. He tried many approaches none of them have worked out. In 1924 he published three papers on quantum statistical mechanics, which include his discoveiy of so-called Bose-Einstein condensation. This was his last contribution to physics that may be called seminal. He did continue to publish all through his later years, however. 

The availability of large quantities of liquid helium as well as an excellent support staff led to the undertaking of many experiments at 8 K (the boiling temperature of helium) as well as the lower temperatures obtained by pumping. One subset was the measurement of the resistivity (conductivity) of metals, since this property was useful as a secondaiy thermometer. Although a linear decline was obseived, various speculations were made as to what the result would be when zero absolute temperature was reached. In April 1911 came the surprising discoveiy that the resistivity in mercury disappeared. At first the sur-... 

Kuhn, T. S. (1977). Energy Conservation as an Example of. Simultaneous Discoveiy. In T. S. Kuhn The Essential Tension. Chicago University of Chicago Press. 

Russia dominating world production. In the United States, drilling was concentrated in the Appalachian oil fields until the Beaumont Texas, Spindletop Hill discoveiy on Januaiy 10, 1901, which then shifted exploration and production to the Southwest. 

The world s largest petroleum reseiwes, in Turkey and the Middle East, were discovered just prior to World War I. Exploration and production continued to expand throughout the region in the 1920s, and culminated in the discoveiy of the vast oil resources of Saudi Arabia in 1938. 

Under a homestead theory of subsurface rights, the first finder of a mineral area would have claim to the entire recognized deposit. In the case of oil and gas, the geologic unit is the entire resei voir, however shaped, as long as it can be proven to be contiguous. Separate and distinct resei voirs in the same general area, whether vertical or horizontal, would require separate and distinct discoveiy and claim. Alien wells draining a claimed reservoir would be liable for trespass if the homesteader can reasonably prove invasion (whether by well... 

All fossil fuels are considered unsustainable because someday they will reach a point of depletion when it becomes uneconomic to produce. Petroleum is the least sustainable because it is the most finite fossil fuel. Although levels of production are expected to begin declining no later than 2030 (U.S. production peaked in 1970), the U.S. and world resei ves could be further expanded by technological advances that continue to improve discoveiy rates and individual well productivity. The extraction of oils found in shales (exceeds three trillion barrels of oil equivalent worldwide) and sands (resei ves of at least two trillion barrels worldwide) could also significantly increase reserves. The reserves of natural gas are comparable to that of oil, but natural gas is considered a more sustainable resource since consumption rates are lower and it burns cleaner than petroleum products (more environmentally sustainable). 

Gerward, L., and Cousins, C. (1997). The Discoveiy of the Electron A Centenary. Physics Education 32 219-225. Random House Webster s Dictionary of Scientists. (1997). New York Random House. 

American physicist Joseph Heniy, by reversing Faraday s discoveiy, passes an electrical... 

The discoveiy of the process for the separation of tantalum and niobium using fluorination marked, in fact, the beginning of the development of the chemistry and technology of tantalum and niobium in general, and initiated the development of complex fluoride compound chemistry in particular. 

Pharmacogenetics as a Discoveiy Tool for Mechanisms of Diseases and New Therapentic Principles... 

These limitations were overcome with the introduction of the well-defined, single-component tungsten and molybdenum (14) alkylidenes in 1990. (Fig. 8.4).7 Schrock s discoveiy revolutionized the metathesis field and vastly increased die utility of this reaction. The Schrock alkylidenes are particularly reactive species, have no side reactions, and are quite effective as polymerization catalysts for both ROMP and ADMET. Due to the oxophilicity of molybdenum, these alkylidenes are moisture and air sensitive, so all reactions using these catalysts must be performed under anaerobic conditions, requiring Schlenk and/or glovebox techniques. 

Today we work confidently with the rows and columns of the periodic table. Yet less than 150 years ago, only about half of all elements known today had been discovered, and these presented a bewildering collection of chemical and physical properties. The discoveiy of the patterns that underlie this apparent randomness is a tale of inspired chemical detective work. 

By now the stage was set for the discoveiy of the three-dimensional structure of DNA, the so-called secondary structure of the molecule. Some of the best minds in science were working on the problem. In 1953, James D. Watson and Francis Crick of Cambridge University announced that they had discovered the structure of DNA. 

In this manuscript, we will chronicle the discoveiy and development of these non-alkyl halide containing processes for the rhodium catalyzed carbonylation of ethylene to propionic acid and methanol to acetic acid when using ionic liquids as solvent. 

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