Disaccharides structures

The disaccharide structure of (12) (trade name SPLENDA) is emphasized by the manufacturer as responsible for a taste quality and time—intensity profile closer to that of sucrose than any other high potency sweetener. The sweetness potency at the 10% sucrose solution sweetness equivalence is between 450 and 500X, or about two and one-half times that of aspartame. When compared to a 2% sugar solution, the potency of sucralose can be as high as 750X. A moderate degree of synergy between sucralose and other nonnutritive (91) or nutritive (92) sweeteners has been reported. 

Disaccharides of the hexuronic acid-hexosamine type constitute the fundamental repeating unit of many mucopolysaccharides, from which they are derived by hydrolytic degradation. Further hydrolytic treatment results generally in destruction of the uronic acid moiety of the disaccharide. Structural studies have been made on the disaccharides from hyaluronic acid (hyalobiouronic acid), chondroitinsulfate (chondrosine), and heparin (heparosine). 

Oeben M, Keller R, Stuhlsatz HW, Greihng H. Constant and variable domains of different disaccharide structure in corneal keratan sulfate chains. Biochem. J. 1987 248(1) 85—93. 

OST2 prefers GlcUA-GlcNS over IdoUA-GlcNS, and 6-OST3 has almost equal activities toward both disaccharide structures. Three isoforms of 6-OST are also present in other mammals and birds as well as amphibians, while invertebrates normally have only a single isoform of 6-OST. 

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