Direct scalability

Scheme 4.26 Direct scalability of microwave synthesis from small-scale single-mode reactors (1—4 mmol) to large-scale multimode batch reactors (40-640 mmol).

In contrast to the protein recovery methods discussed above, protein purification is still based predominantly on laboratory-developed procedures that are often not directly scalable because of the high costs of the chemicals employed, the difficulties... 

The most recently released microwave synthesis equipment is the Anton Paar Synthos 3000 (Fig. 8) [41]. This microwave reactor is dedicated for scale-up synthesis in quantities of up to approximately 250 g per run and designed for chemistry under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The instrument enables direct scalability up to 1 L total volume of already elaborated and optimized reaction protocols from single-mode cavities without changing the reaction parameters. 

Whereas batch synthesis on the small scale is the standard procedure in microwave-assisted synthesis and has been extensively reviewed ( [50-52] and references cited therein), protocols in the 50 mL range are rather rare. In this section, scale-up of volumes > 50 mL in sealed vessels will be discussed. An important issue for the process chemist is the potential of direct scalability of microwave reactions, allowing rapid translation of previously optimized small-scale conditions to a larger scale. Several authors have reported independently the feasibility of directly scaling reaction conditions from small-scale single-mode (typically 0.5-5 mL) to larger scale multimode... 

Rigid open porous bead structure Rigid open porous bead structure Rigid open porous bead structure Rigid open porous bead structure Rigid open porous bead structure Rigid open porous bead structure Direct scalability... 

Direct scalability Direct scalability Extremely hydrophilic surface... 

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