Direct metallization Horizontal process

Metafile arsenic can be obtained by the direct smelting of the minerals arsenopyrite or loeUingite. The arsenic vapor is sublimed when these minerals are heated to about 650—700°C in the absence of air. The metal can also be prepared commercially by the reduction of arsenic trioxide with charcoal. The oxide and charcoal are mixed and placed into a horizontal steel retort jacketed with fire-brick which is then gas-fired. The reduced arsenic vapor is collected in a water-cooled condenser (5). In a process used by Bofiden Aktiebolag (6), the steel retort, heated to 700—800°C in an electric furnace, is equipped with a demountable air-cooled condenser. The off-gases are cleaned in a sembber system. The yield of metallic arsenic from the reduction of arsenic trioxide with carbon and carbon monoxide has been studied (7) and a process has been patented describing the gaseous reduction of arsenic trioxide to metal (8). 

Lynntech, Inc. s (Lynntech s), electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil technology is an in situ soil decontamination method that uses an electric current to transport soil contaminants. According to Lynntech, this technology uses both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electrokinetic techniques (dielectrophoresis) to decontaminate soil containing heavy metals and organic contaminants. A non homogeneous electric field is applied between electrodes positioned in the soil. The field induces electrokinetic processes that cause the controlled, horizontal, and/or vertical removal of contaminants from soils of variable hydraulic permeabilities and moisture contents. 

This form of corrosion results in pits or holes in the metal. Generally a pit has a diameter which is less than the depth. These pits will normally be filled with the corrosion products and will rarely be detected before leaks starts. So pit failure will be sudden and no prevention can be employed as would normally be done in the case of other slow process of perceptible corrosion. The general tendency of pits is to grow in the direction of gravity from the horizontal surfaces downwards. Vertical surfaces show less of this attack. 

Scratch tests were carried out using the equipment, which has been developed originally by the aufiiors [2]. Specimen is fixed and the arm equipped with a scratch tip, a load cell and an extensometer is moved horizontally at constant speed with applying dead weight. During the scratch process, the scratch tip displacement in vertical direction is measured by the extensometer, and the horizontal load is measured by the load cell. A 0.5mm radius spherical scratch tip of metal was used for the test. In this study the testing speed was O.lmm/sec. 

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