Direct-gain systems

One disadvantage of direct-gain systems (especially if the thermal capacity is inadequate) is the large diurnal (day and night) fluctuation of indoor temperatures. The reason for this is inherent in the system in that the absorber surface, which can reach quite high temperatures, is also the emitter surface. Therefore much heat is added to the room... 

HSE occurs in a certain percentage of mice or rabbits following infecdon. The frequency of HSE in experimental infec dons is dependent on the pathogenic po ten dal of the HSV-1 and the mouse sd ain used for experimental infecdon. For HSE to occur after ocular infecdon, the virus must enter the TG, and then spread to the CNS, or the virus directly gains access into the brain via the opdc nerve. Models have also been developed in which the virus is directly inoculated into the brain. In this model, d ansport from the peripheral dssue the peripheral nervous system the CNS is not important. Thus, viral genes necessary for neuronal d ansport and spread are not crucial for virus infecdon if the brain is inoculated. 

The gain systems used in photomultipliers can also be used to detect electrons or ions. The detectors are then called Electron Multipliers. The particles to be detected are fed directly into the dynode system. 

FIGURE 12 Principlesofa direct gain (passive) system. G, global... 

The directivity of an antenna provides a measure of performance compared to a reference antenna. The reference is either the hypothetical isotropic element or the practical half-wave dipole. Specifically, if the antenna under test and the reference are supplied with the same input power, then the directivity would simply compare the ratio of the power densities of the former with the latter. The directivity is used to express the performance in the direction of maximum power density from the antenna under test. It is presumed that aU of the power supplied to the antenna is radiated, that is, it is 100% efficient. The directive gain is similar to directivity except it can be used for any direction and not necessarily the direction of maximum radiation. The power gain takes into account the efficiency of the antenna system since all of the power supplied is not radiated. This can include the losses in the transmission line feed configuration. 

To gain an understanding of the composition of the reservoir rock, inter-reservoir seals and the reservoir pore system it is desirable to obtain an undisturbed and continuous reservoir core sample. Cores are also used to establish physical rock properties by direct measurements in a laboratory. They allow description of the depositional environment, sedimentary features and the diagenetic history of the sequence. 

To use direct dynamics for the study of non-adiabatic systems it is necessary to be able to efficiently and accurately calculate electronic wave functions for excited states. In recent years, density functional theory (DFT) has been gaining ground over traditional Hartree-Fock based SCF calculations for the treatment of the ground state of large molecules. Recent advances mean that so-called time-dependent DFT methods are now also being applied to excited states. Even so, at present, the best general methods for the treatment of the photochemistry of polyatomic organic molecules are MCSCF methods, of which the CASSCF method is particularly powerful. 

Computer simulation can be used to provide a stepping stone between experiment and the simplified analytical descriptions of the physical behavior of biological systems. But before gaining the right to do this, we must first validate a simulation by direct comparison with experiment. To do this we must compare physical quantities that are measurable or derivable from measurements with the same quantities derived from simulation. If the quantities agree, we then have some justification for using the detailed information present in the simulation to interpret the experiments. 

As every experienced manager knows, for systems to work, they must be "ours " they are endorsed, or "owned," by the people who use them. In fact, virtually every management system—PSM included—is effective in direct proportion to the degree of this sense of ownership or investment. Since the PSM system will affect so many people in your company, it s important that you make the effort to gain their understanding and support. 

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