Dipolar electric

The neighboring molecule B feels the dipolar electric held of A and undergoes a spon taneous adjustment m its electron positions giving it a temporary dipole moment that is complementary to that of A... 

In quantum mechanics, we think of each atom or molecule as having its own wave functions that describe the distribution of its electrons. The expected basis of interaction is that two atoms or molecules react to each other as dipoles, each atom s or molecule s dipolar electric field shining out as 1/r3 with distance r from the center. This dipole interaction averages to zero when taken over the set of electron positions predicted for the isolated atoms. However, when the isolated-atom electron distributions are... 

Linear Dipolar Electric Polarization. Even atoms and microsystems with symmetrically distributed charges are known to exhibit polarization under the influence of an external electric field or the internal (molecular) electric field of a neighbour. Such a system is said to become endowed with an induced electric dipole (or higher multipoles). In many a case it sufiSces to assume that the induced dipole moment p E) is proportional to the field strength inducing it ... 

Dielectric saturation is a source of valuable data on interactions not only of the electrostatic variety between multipoles but also those of the inductional and dispersional kinds between non-dipolar, electrically anisotropic molecules. 

Leads Detecting the Electric and Magnetic Dipole Moments of a Volume Source Independence of Dipolar Electric and Magnetic Leads... 

Sensitivity Distribution of Dipolar Electric and Magnetic Leads... 

Two kinds of ion species are involved depending on their atomic level properties. One has two optical/peripheral electrons, such as A1+, In+, where the clock transition is based on a dipolar electric transition, and the other has only one optical electron, such as Ca+, Hg +, Sr+, and Yb+, for which the clock transition is based on either a quadrupolar or an octopolar dipole electric transition. With the first kind of ion, the cooling transition is cycling wherein 100% of the atoms relax to the lower level, while the cooling transition (nS to nP) of the second kind relaxes to two different-orbital lower levels the fundamental ( 5) and one metastable level ((n-1) D). The value of the relaxation branching ratio between the nS and metastable (n-1) D levels is such that a significant fraction of ions will populate the metastable (n-l)D level. Thus, another laser is required to pump the atomic ions from the (n-l)D level back to the optically excited state nP. 

The high permittivity is one reason for the dissociative power of water. Ionic bonds are split up so that ions exist in aqueous solutions in a free but hydrated form. Because of the strong dipolar electric field, water molecules are attracted to ions and local charges. 

On the other hand, all cooperative processes including up-conversion can be considered as transitions between a pair level for both ions as a whole. A dipolar electric transition would be forbidden for such a two-center transition and one needs product wave functions corrected to first order to account for the interaction between electrons of different centers (Stavola and Dexter 1979) ... 

If now the calculation is extended to include the quadrupolar as well as dipolar electric fields this introduces an extra term given by Equation (4) involving the solute quadrupole q). 

The orientation effect is due to the fact that a certain number of molecules have a permanent dipolar electric moment due to the distribution of charges within the molecules. These electric dipoles orientate themselves according... 

If a diatomic molecule is homonuclear, there is no change in dipole moment with the vibration and no alternating dipolar electric field is produced. Thus, the molecule does not interact with or absorb electromagnetic radiation. 

A, [A], A chemical potential of the component i, dipolar electrical moment of molecule i, generalized chemical potential. 

---