Diphtheria toxin regulator

Que, Q. and Helmann, J. D. (2000). Manganese homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by MntR, a bifunctional regulator related to the diphtheria toxin repressor family of proteins, Mol. Microbiol., 35, 1454-1468. 

As is pointed out in Chapter 16, the acquisition of iron and control of its concentration is of crucial importance to bacteria. In E. coli the Fe2+-binding protein Fur (ferric uptake regulator) represses promoters controlling siderophore biosynthesis as well as other responses. It is a global regulator that controls 40 transcriptional units.124 Similar proteins repress synthesis of the diphtheria toxin by Corynebac-terium diphtheriae,125 126 uptake of iron in these bacteria and in Mycobacterium tuberculosis,127 and uptake of molybdate.1273... 

E. S. Massuda, E. J. Dunphy, R. A. Redman, J. J. Schreiber, L. E. Nauta, F. G. Barr, I. H. Maxwell, and T. P. Cripe, Regulated expression of the diphtheria toxin A chain by a tumor-specific chimeric transcription factor results in selective toxicity for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 14701 (1997). 

The ribosomal elongation Factor 11 is the acceptor protein for the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of diphtheria toxin and P. aeruginosa exotoxin A, as well as a mammalian cytosolic ADP-ribosyltransferase. ADP-ribosylation results in loss of activity. The uncontrolled action of the bacterial toxins causes the cessation ofprotein synthesis andhence cell death. The more regulated action of the endogenous ADP-ribosyltransferase is part of the normal regulation of protein synthesis. 

Konopka, K., Harrison, G. S., Felqner, P. L., and Duzgunes, N. (1997) Cationic liposome-mediated expression of HIV-regulated luciferase and diphtheria toxin a genes in HeLa cells infected with or expressing HIV. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1356, 185-197. 

Gonzalez de Peredo, A. Saint-Pierre, C. Latour, J. M. Michaud-Soret, 1. Forest, E. Conformational changes of the ferric uptake regulation protein upon metal activation and DNA binding First evidence of structural homologies with the diphtheria toxin repressor. J. Mol Biol 2001, 3/0(1), 83-91. 

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