DNB = dinitrobenzene

This statement was prepared to give you information about 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) and... 

As discussed previously, military-grade TNT is not a pure material, containing additional nitroaromatic constituents at concentrations of up to several percent by mass [4], Some of these explosive-related compounds (ERCs) have been shown to be significant contributors to the chemical fingerprint of a landmine [5, 7], Of the ERCs found in TNT, those that are most prevalent in the headspace vapor of TNT include 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), and... 

Nitrobenzenes are widely used in the manufacture of aniline and pyroxylin compounds, in the refinery of lubricant oils and in the production of soap and shoe polishes [52]. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) is the main impurity of TNT [53]. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 1,3-Dinitrobenzol —DNB meta-Dinitrobenzene Dinitrobenzol Chemical Formula 1,3-C4H4(N02)2. 

Synonyms 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 1,3-Dinitrobenzol m-DNB meta-Dinitrobenzene Dinitrobenzol Chemical Formula 1,3-C H (N02)2 IH) Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Solid Color Yellow Odor Weak (iii) Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 °C and I atm. Solid Molecular Weight 168.1 Boiling Point at I atm. 556, 291,564 Freezing Point 194, 90, 363 Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity 1,58 at 18°C (solid) Vapor (Gas) Density Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor... 

Table 4-1 reports the other facilities, besides Dupont, in the United States that produce and/or process 1,3-dinitrobenzene. The data reported in Table 4-1 are derived from the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) of EPA (TRI92 1994). Only certain types of facilities were required to report to the TRI databank of EPA. Hence, this is not an exhaustive list. The Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) and Janssen Chimica (Gardena, California) also produced 1,3-DNB for commercial sale and use (Van et al. 1991). 1,3,5-TNB has been manufactured commercially by Kodak Park Division (Rochester, New York) (OHM/TADS 1991). 

Fig. 13. (a) Alpha functions [alpha vs. E (Td)] of the explosives ions in pure air (top left) and a lOOOppm mixture of methylene chloride/air (top right) [57], (b) Differential mobility spectra of the explosives in purified air (bottom left) and lOOOppm of methylene chloride in air (bottom right). Explosives are from top 1,2,3-propanetriol trinitrate (NG) 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) [57]. 

Mishra et al. (1993) measured hole mobilities of TPD doped PS, PC, and a phenoxy resin (PKHH). The mobility was decreased by about two orders of magnitude when either the PC or PKHH was substituted for PS. The mobility was essentially field independent for PS or PKHH while a field dependence was observed for the PC. Measurements were also made with N,N -bis-(4-methyl-phenyl)-N,N,-bis(4-ethylphenyl)-(l,l -3,3 -dimethylbiphenyl)-4,4 -diamine (ETPD) doped PS containing a series of polar molecules 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1-4-dinitrobenzene (DNB). Interestingly, a slight increase in the mobility was ob-... 

Fig. 3. Photoionization mass spectrum of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) using 100 fs-duration 340 nm laser pulses...

The first observations in this area were made 100 years ago, when in 1886 Janovsky and Erb (16) reported the formation of an intensely colored purple substance in the reaction of acetone with 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) in alkaline solution. After a period of controversy as to whether the structure of the species formed was 1 or 2 (17-19), the 2 was unambiguously proven by -NMR spectroscopy (20). The corresponding adduct of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), which is also obtained readily on solvolysis of the TNB CH30 complex in acetone, was similarly shown by -NMR spectroscopy to have the structure 3 (21). More recent 13C and 15N-NMR spectroscopic studies confirmed these formulations (22). The structures of a complexes such as 3 are now more correctly depicted as the delocalized species, in accord with experimental results (e.g., X-ray crystal structure) and theoretical considerations (23)... 

A good example to illustrate these features is the intramolecular electron exchange in 1,3-dinitrobenzene (3-DNB) radical anion, which has rates of 1.2-2.2 x 10 s in alcohols and in aprotic solvents 2.8-4.2 x 10 s H64]. In polar solvents a structure such as... 

The processes of proton abstraction and a-complex formation in the interaction of OH with 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) are shown in Scheme 1. a-Complex formation is the predominant process, as shown by the characteristic electronic absorption spectrum of this species. However, a small concentration of the aryl carbanion is also formed and can be detected by the occurrence of deuterium exchange (followed by IR or NMR spectroscopy) when the process is carried out in deute-rated medium. 

An important demonstrated application of this artificial nose system is the high-speed detection of low levels of explosives and explosive-like vapors. Several sensors, based on Nile Red attached to silica microspheres, show high sensitivity to nitroaromatic compounds (NAC) within a mixture12. Different fluorescence response profiles were observed for several NAC s, such as 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), despite their similar structures. These responses were monitored at low concentrations of the NAC vapors (ca. 5 ppb) and at short vapor exposure... 

DNB is often made first. Both 1,3-DNB and 1,3,5-TNB are formed as by-products when another explosive, trinitrotoluene (TNT), is made. 1,3-DNB is also used to make certain dyes, as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic chemicals, and in the plastics manufacturing industry. 1,3,5-TNB is used in making rubber. Other names for 1,3-DNB include m-dinitrobenzene,... 

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