Dimethyl sulfoxide references

Dimethyl sulfoxide has the structure (CH3)2 —0 and is commonly referred to as DMSO It IS a relatively inexpensive solvent ob tamed as a byproduct in paper manufacture... 

Powerful solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (common laser dye solvent) and solubilizing substituents (K" and R " = sulfoalkyl in stmcture 32) may enhance the transport of dyes in solution through skin and other membranes. Reference 88 (on laser dye solutions and toxicity) is recommended to researchers working with dye solutions. Other dyes, such as Indocyanine Green, attain useful properties (blood tracer dye) as a result of having solubilizing substituents in their stmcture. 

Of course, you don t have to use either of the above standards at all. In the case of samples run in deutero chloroform/methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, it is perfectly acceptable, and arguably preferable, to reference your spectra to the residual solvent signal (e.g., CD2HOH) which is unavoidable and always present in your spectrum (see Table 2.2). These signals are perfectly solid in terms of their shifts (in pure solvent systems) though the same cannot be said for the residual HOD signal in D2O and for this reason, we would advise adhering to TSP for all samples run in D20. 

See Dimethyl sulfoxide Metal oxosalts See also metal perchlorates (reference 2)... 

Occasionally, departures from these considerations have been made where such action appeared advantageous in bringing out a relationship between formally unrelated compounds or hazards. In all multi-component cases, however, the secondary reactants (except air and water) appear as formula entries back-referred to the main entry text, so that the latter is accessible from either primary or secondary reactants. See Dimethyl sulfoxide Acyl halides (main entry)... 

Acetyl chloride Dimethyl sulfoxide (back reference)... 

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra (300MFIz) of both the compound 10 and 11 was recorded in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-r4) and CDCI3. The compound 10 in its H NMR spectrum showed a singlet signal at 5 5.32 due to the two NH protons, whereas compound 11 showed the presence of two NH protons at 6 6.80 <1989JOC3062>. For information on spectral studies of the compounds 1-5, refer to CHEC-II(1996) <1996CHEC-II(8)707>. 

FIGURE 1.1 Structures of organic compounds referred to in the text (a) sucrose (also known as saccharose), (b) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), (c) dimethylformamide (DMF), (d) sorbitol, (e) mannitol, (f) nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), (g) citric acid, (h) N,N,N, N -fran,s-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CyTA), (i) saccharic acid, (j) glutamic acid. 

This review is intended as an account of the coordination chemistry of both dimethyl sulfoxide and the higher sulfoxides, with particular reference to the mode of bonding and the extent to which this affects the chemistry of transition-metal sulfoxide complexes. No attempt has been made to provide an exhaustive listing of all known sulfoxide complexes, many of which contain coordinated sulfoxide moieties only coincidentally to their other important functions. 

RNHCT oxidation in aqueous solution at pH 13 at an Hg anode (Iversen and Lund, 1969). RNHO oxidation in dimethyl sulfoxide-Et4NBF4 at a PT anode (Bordwell and Liu, 1996) the published potentials were converted from the ferricinium/ferrocene reference to SCE by adding 0.51V (Bordwell et al., 1991). c RNHOH oxidation in acetonitrile-NaC104 at a glassy carbon anode (Sayo et al, 1973 Ozaki and Masui, 1978). 

The evaluation of the integral in Equation (17.35) offers no difficulties because X1/X2 is finite at the lower limit. Using Equation (17.35), we can obtain precise values of the ratio 72/72 as a function of X2. If 72/72 is plotted against X2, for a solution of water in dimethyl sulfoxide [4], as shown in Figure 17.11, where the reference solution with X2 equal to 0.0365 was chosen, the values can be extrapolated to a finite-limiting value. 

FIGURE 3 2 Solvent extraction efficiencies (EF) as functions of dielectric constants (D), solubility parameters (6), and polarity parameters (P and E -). Solvents studied silicon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, n pentane. Freon 113, cyclopentane, n-hexane, carbon tetradiloride, diethylether, cyclohexane, isooctane, benzene (reference, EF 100), toluene, trichloroethylene, diethylamine, chloroform, triethylamine, methylene, chloride, tetra-hydrofuran, l,4 dioxane, pyridine, 2 propanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. Reprinted with permission from Grosjean. ... 

Whenever possible, the values refer to standard conditions water, 25°C, ionic strength / = 0. To do this, it has been necessary to make corrections for solvents other than water (see footnotes to tables), for temperature (see Section III,F,1), and for ionic strength (see Section III,F,2). In several cases, it has not been possible to apply these corrections due to the lack of data (temperature, ionic strength) or the lack of standard values to establish a linear relationship between values in mixed solvents and values in water. The list of 1000 pK values collected in these tables constitutes a set of the best values found in the literature. Excited state p, s and pK s in dimethyl sulfoxide will be reported in separate tables in subsequent sections. 

The last step in this mechanism (Eq. 8) is said to be favored by the presence of alcohols and prevented or slowed in dimethyl sulfoxide [16]. In this reference the role of solvents, strong bases, etc., is discussed. However, more facts are required to develop this condensation to the point where the formation of unsymmetrically aromatic azoxy compounds can be controlled. 

Derived reagents. Mancuso and Swern2 have reviewed activated dimethyl sulfoxide reagents (100 references). Activation of DMSO with cither trifhioroacelic anhydride (7, 136) or oxalyl chloride (8, 200) provides the most generally useful... 

All NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian A-60 spectrometer at room temperature by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Specialties, Inc., New Kensington, Pa. Benzene soluble fractions were recorded in deuterated chloroform solution (CDCls) while dimethyl sulfoxide-dc (DMSO-dr.) was the solvent employed for other fractions. (Deuterated chloroform with enrichment of 99.8% was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories and dimethyl sulfoxide-dr, with enrichment of 99.6% from Merck, Sharp, and Dohme of Canada.) The internal standard used with the CDCla solutions was tetramethvlsilane and hexamethyl-disiloxane (chemical shift 7 c.p.s.) with DMSO-d . Prior to preparation for NMR recording, the samples were thoroughly dried in a vacuum at 110°C. The NMR tubes were sealed to minimize the absorption of atmospheric moisture. The chemical shifts given in c.p.s. are referred to tetramethylsilane. 

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