Dimercapto-propane sulfonate

A 64-year-old woman had treated extensive ulcers of both legs with daily dressings of diachylon ointment, containing 15% lead oxide, for more than a year. She then developed general weakness, loss of weight, anemia, hypotension, and neuropathy. Lead concentrations in the blood were increased three-fold and urinary lead concentrations ten-fold, and a diagnosis of percutaneous lead intoxication was made. Treatment with dimercapto-propane sulfonic acid resulted in considerable reduction of the lead deposits, and the symptoms of poisoning subsided (6). 

Another thiol, 2,3-dimercapto-propane sulfonic acid, showed protection against injury in mice exposed to SM vapor (Pant et al., 2000). 

Some animal studies have suggested advantages to the use of dimercapto-propane sulfonate (DMPS) or dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) following systemic lewisite poisoning. Toxbase includes further guidance. 

Gong Z et al Determination of arsenic metabolic complex excreted in human urine after administration of sodium 2,3-dimercapto-l-propane sulfonate. Chem Res Toxicol 2002 15 1318. [PMID 12387631]... 

Bismuth compounds are used as an antidiarrheal. Topical applications are used in skin disorders. Overdose may cause acute bismuth intoxication but gastric lavage, purgation, use of chelating agents, 2,3-dimercapto-l-propane sulfonic acid, and hemodialysis are steps to be taken.170-172... 

Following exposure to plutonium, curium and americium, chelation with pentate calcium trisodium (CaDTPA), pentate zinc trisodium (Zn-DTPA), or dimercapto-propane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) can be administered (Chung Shannon, 2005). Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA chelate with metals and are excreted in the urine (Chung Shannon, 2005). These medications are administered by inhalation or intravenous routes at a dosage of 14 mg/kg IV, up to a maximum of 1 g (Chung Shannon, 2005). 

BAL = British antilewisite DMPS = 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid, sodium salt 15S5 = 1,4,7,10,13-pentathiacyclopentadecane 9S3 = 1,4,7-dithiacyclononane. 

Szinicz, L., Wiedemann, P., Haring, H., Weger, N. (1983). Effects of repeated treatment with sodium 2,3-dimercapto-propane-1-sulfonate in beagle dogs. Arzneimittelforschung. 33 818-21. 

Dimercaptopropane sulfonate (2,3-dimercapto-l-propane-sulfonate) is a water-soluble and possibly less toxic derivative of dimercaprol, used in poisoning with arsenic, bismuth, mercury, and other heavy metals. 

Torres-Alanis O, Garza-Ocanas L, Pineyro-Lopez A. Evaluation of urinary mercury excretion after administration of 2,3-dimercapto-l-propane sulfonic acid to occupationally exposed men. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol l995 33(6) 7l7-20. 

Abbreviations HgCl2, mercuric chloride DMPS, 2,3-dimercapto-l-propane sulfonate DMSA, meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid GI, gastrointestinal tract RBC red blood cells. 

Gonzalez-Ramirez, D.M., M. Zuniga-Charles, A. Narro-Juarez, Y. Molina-Recio, K.M. Flurlbut, R.C. Dart, and H.V. Aposhian. 1998. DMPS (2,3-dimercapto-propane-l-sulfonate, dimaval) decreases the body burden of mercury in humans exposed to mercurous chloride. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287(1) 8-12. 

Two water-soluble analogs of dimercaprol have been studied as lewisite antidotes, namely meio-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercapto- 1-propane sulfonic acid (DMPS) (see review by Aposhian, 1993). Their structures are as follows ... 

Gonzalez-Ramirez D, Maiorino RM, Zuniga-Charles M, et al Sodium 2,3-dimercapto-propane-l-sulfonate challenge test for mercury in humans, II urinary mercury, porphyrins and neurobehavioral changes of dental workers in Monterrey, Mexico. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 272 264-274, 1995 Coyer RA Toxic effects of metals, in Casarett and Doull s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons. Edited by Klaassen CD, Amdur MO. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1996, pp 691-736... 

Inorganic arsenic is methylated in humans to monomethylarsonic acid, MMA(V), and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA(V), both of which are more rapidly excreted in urine than is inorganic arsenic - especially the trivalent form (As III, arsen-ite). Absorbed arsenate (As V) is reduced to trivalent arsenic (As III) (for a review, see Vahter 2000). Le etal. (2000a,b) also identified monomethylarsonous acid, MMA(III), in the urine of inhabitants from irmer Mongolia after a single oral administration of 300 mg sodium-dimercapto-l-propane sulfonate (DMPS). 

Bose-O Reilly S, Drasch G, Beinhoee C, Maydl S, VosKO MR, Roider G and Dzaja D (2003) The Mt. Diwata Study on the Philippines 2000 -treatment of mercury intoxicated inhabitants of a gold mining area with DMPS (2,3-Dimercapto-l-propane-sulfonic acid, Dimaval ). Sci Total Environ 307 71-82. 

Figure 3 Typical chromatograms showing speciation analyses of As(lll), As(V), MMA(V), DMA(V), MMA(lll), and DMA(lll) in deionized water (a), a urine sample (b), and the urine sample spiked with MMA(lll) (c), DMA(lll) (d), and As(V) (e). Separation was carried out on an ODS-3 column (15 cm X 4.6 mm, 3- rm particle size Phenomenex) with a mobile phase (pH 5.95) containing 5 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, 3 mM malonic acid, and 5% methanol. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.2 ml/min. The column was maintained at 50°C. A hydride generation atomic fluorescence detector was used for detection of arsenic. Peaks labeled 1-6 correspond to As(lll), MMA(Itl), DMA(V), MMA(V), DMA(lll), and As(V) respectively. The urine sample was collected from a person 4 hr after the administration of 300 mg sodium 2,3-dimercapto-l-propane sulfonate (DMPS). For clarity, chromatograms were manually shifted on vertical axis. (Adapted from Ref. 96.)...

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