Digestion innervation

Symptoms of intoxication in humans caused by accidental ingestion of Kou-Wen plants have been described as follows. The effect on the digestive system starts with loss of appetite and turn of the stomach, and continues to severe abdominal pain and intestinal bleeding. The effect on the respiratory system presents as breathing difficulties which finally lead to death by respiratory failure. The effect on muscle innervation usually results in generalized muscular weakness and paralysis of the limbs. The effect on the circulatory system starts with heartbeat disorders and a drop in blood pressure, but heart failure is not a common cause of death. In addition to dilation of pupils, a drop in body temperature and proliferation of white blood cells have also been obseryed (70). 

Dietary triglycerides, 226, 319-320, 366-367 Digestion, see also AbsorpOon Digestive hormones Digestive molecules Digestive system carbohydrates, 10(3-116 control, 58,88 Cephalic phase, 66-68 chemical phase, 69 innerv ation, 58,66-69 dietary bbers. 143 lipids, 93-103... 

The influence of ACh and parasympathetic innervation on various organs and tissues is discussed in detail in Chapter 6. ACh and its analogs stimulate secretion by all glands that receive parasympathetic innervation, including the lacrimal, tracheobronchial, salivary, and digestive glands. The effects on the respiratory system, in addition to increased tracheobronchial secretion, include hronchoconstriction and stimulation of the chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies. When instilled into the eye, muscarinic agonists produce miosis (see Chapter 63). 

Pawlow first established the correlation which exists between the gastric and pancreatic secretions. According to him, this second secretion was due to a nervous reflex, resulting from innervation produced by various substances of the chyme, notably its acidity. This opinion is no longer accepted by physiologists. Bayliss and Starling have, in fact, shown experimentally that the nervous system does not intervene at all in the pancreatic secretion, but that this is caused solely by a humoral route, under the action of a special substance, secretin, which is contained in the intestine and which normally, in the course of digestion, is distributed in the blood and directly excites the cells of the pancreas. 

Pancreas a vertebrate organ producing a digestive secretion which enters the adjacent duodenum in response to the hormones Secretin (see) and Cholecys-tokinin (see). It also contains about 1 million islets of Langerhans, each with a diameter of ISO un these have a rich blood supply and are innervated with unmyelinated nerve fibers. The islets contain various types of hormone-producing cells, the A cells which produce Glucagon (see), the B cells which make Insulin (see) and the D cells which manufacture Gastrin (see). 

In 1957 Dragstedt and his students dotted the / of the explanation of feedback control of acid secretion described by Pavlov when they prepared a dog with a Pavlov pouch and an antrum excluded from the rest of the digestive tract but still vagally innervated. When the dog was fed 200 g of horsemeat, the pouch secreted at a high rate for 5 hours because acid could not reach the pouch to cut off vagally stimulated release of gastrin. ... 

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