Differentiation order

Different K+ channels can be distinguished by their characteristic electrophysiological properties as well as differential sensitivities to pharmacological modulation. For example, Kv channels are blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium (TEA) and millimolar concentrations of Ba. In contrast, Kir channels are also blocked by TEA but show selective sensitivity to sub-millimolar concentrations of Ba2+. Furthermore, certain peptide toxins (e.g. dendrotoxins, tertiapin) can sometimes discriminate between K+ channels belonging to the same family. The K+ channel openers diazoxide, pinacidil and cromakalim (see below) act on the three SUR subunits with a differential order of potency thereby affecting KATP channels in a cell type-specific manner (Yokoshiki et al., 1998). 

A test for exact differentials (order of differentiation unimportant) shows that ... 

Again in the words of Schrodinger, we had to evade the tendency to disorder by inventing the molecule , in fact, an unusually large molecule which has to be a masterpiece of highly differentiated order In fact, two macro-... 

Criterion 4 (Specification differentiability) In order to simulate an inverse model each output specification must have a time differentiation order greater than or equal to nie, the essential order (Section 6.2.23 and Procedure 4) of the corresponding specified output yt in the system H. 

With virtual extrema, inflections are more readily determined, and therefore the spectrum is easier to resolve. On the other hand, with increasing derivative order, simplicity is lost and satellites may sometimes superpose extrema of neighboring analytical peaks. For this reason, with increasing differentiation order, a maximum amount of information will be run through, depending on the complexity of the signals. 

The indicated differentiation order is always the highest order that was generated. 

Optimization of smoothing and differentiation parameters and of the differentiation order is reached if all shoulders and inflection points are resolved and if the signals oscillate around the zero line. 

Nagarajan, S., Taskent-Sezgin, H., Parul, D., Carrico, I., Raleigh, D.P., et al. Differential ordering of the protein backbone and side chains during protein folding revealed by site-specific recombinant infrared probes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 20335-20340 (2007)... 

Modem 2D techniques are applied, for example, in NMR on chiral solutes in chiral liquid crystalline solvents. NMR spectroscopy on such chiral host/chiral guest systems can be used for the spectral discrimination of enantiomeric solutes because the enantiomers show differential orientational ordering in the chiral environment. Based on this differential ordering effect (DOE), enantiomeric purity or excess can be quantitatively measured [92]. The DOE may also help to understand the intermolecular interactions involved in the chiral recogni-... 

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