Differential pulse polarography DPP

Electrochemistry voltammetry, anodic stripping (ASV), cathodic stripping (CSV), polarography, differential pulse polarography (DPP), ion selective electrode (ISE)... 

The Model 384B (see Fig. 5.10) offers nine voltammetric techniques square-wave voltammetry, differential-pulse polarography (DPP), normal-pulse polar-ography (NPP), sampled DC polarography, square-wave stripping voltammetry, differential pulse stripping, DC stripping, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic staircase voltammetry. 

Detection sensitivity better than that in NPV can be achieved by differential current sampling with small pulses. Figure 18b.lib shows this scheme known as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Here, the potential is changed from an initial potential in small steps (2-5 mV) and a voltage pulse of a short duration (50 ms) is superimposed at the end of a long step (500-5000 ms). The current is sampled before the beginning of the pulse and near the end of the pulse as shown in Fig. 18b. 12b. In differential pulse polarography (DPP), this is near the... 

Phenylarsine oxide is used as a titrant for the direct and indirect determination of residual chlorine and ozone in water and wastewater. Preliminary investigations on the direct measurement of PAO by differential pulse polarography (DPP) indicate that this technique is a promising method for lowering the detection limits in the indirect measurement of these oxidants. The control of pH is a necessary consideration in free and combined chlorine analysis with as well as the stability and measurement of... 

Taqui Khan et al. reported that the photoreduction of N2 to NH3 was catalyzed by a number of different ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [RuL(N2)]" in aqueous suspensions of a Pt-CdS-RuOz particulate system [114]. The ruthenium complexes used were [Ru(EDTA)N2]2 4, [Ru(HEDTA)N2] 5, [Ru(PDTA)N2]2 6, [Ru(CDTA)N2]2 7, [Ru(H2DTPA)N2]" 8, and [Ru(HIMDA)N2] 9. Ruthenium complexes were characterized by FTIR, H-NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopies, and differential pulse polarography (DPP). The particulate system Pt-CdS-Ru02 was prepared by the procedure of Kalyanasundaram et al. [115]. 

Appreciable precision and low bias can be obtained by use of electrochemical analytical methods. Adeloju (1985) determined relatively low levels of copper In muscle, urine and NBS SRM Orchard leaves using this method and higher concentrations in NBS SRM Bovine liver using differential pulse polarography (DPP). All results were within the certified ranges and the precision ranged from 1.9% to 3.1%. The main limitations of this method are the time consumption if several elements have to be determined and the need for a... 

Resolution and trace determination of inorganic oxyanions are important for assay purposes in commercial samples. The dc polarographic behaviour of these oxyanions and the resulting application have been described earlier. The detection limit of dc polarography is usually about 10 M but may be higher under non-optimum conditions. Since differential pulse polarography (dpp) and voltammetry should improve sensitivity at trace level concentrations, the use of dpp and voltammetry for determination of some oxyanions has been studied. In the present work applicability of dpp for quantitative trace determination and resolution of TeO " and VO in presence of some oxyhalide anions such as BrOj, lOj and 10 is investigated. 

Recently, electroanalysis of Cd-complexation with different mammalian MTs (e.g., rabbit fiver, horse kidney, and human kidney) has become more frequent. The study of cysteine-containing peptides such as glutathione and MTs peptidic fragments (mainly a-domain of mammalian MTs), in the absence and in the presence of Cd, has been carried out by means of several electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse polarography (DPP), linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, direct current... 

Polarographic analysis has been applied to a wide variety of samples including natural waters, biological, mineral, and environmental samples. A summary of the applications is shown in Table 1. In addition. Table 1 illustrates the typical detection limits encountered for each element, although this will vary depending upon the sample solution conditions. All the applications quoted in Table 1 are for differential pulse polarography (DPP discussed later). Lower detection limits may be achieved using techniques... 

---