Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic

Elaborate precautions must be taken to prevent the entrance of Pu iato the worker s body by ingestion, inhalation, or entry through the skin, because all common Pu isotopes except for Pu ate a-emitters. Pu is a P-emitter, but it decays to Am, which emits both (X- and y-rays. Acute intake of Pu, from ingestion or a wound, thus mandates prompt and aggressive medical intervention to remove as much Pu as possible before it deposits in the body. Subcutaneous deposition of plutonium from a puncture wound has been effectively controlled by prompt surgical excision followed by prolonged intravenous chelation therapy with diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Ca " —DTPA) (171). 

A variety of other metals and their complexes have been studied for radioprotective activity. Among these are copper glycinate, strontium chloride, ZnNa -diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (ZnDTPA), and selenium, which has been studied because of its relationship to endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, especiaHy GSH peroxidase and vitamin E. 

Alkaline-earth metals are often deterruined volumetricaHy by complexometric titration at pH 10, using Eriochrome Black T as indicator. The most suitable complexing titrant for barium ion is a solution of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Other alkaline earths, if present, are simultaneously titrated, and in the favored analytical procedure calcium and strontium are deterruined separately by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and their values subtracted from the total to obtain the barium value. 

Sodium formate (anhydrous) [141-53-7J M 68.0, m 253°, d 1.92. A saturated aqueous solution at 90° (0.8mL water/g) was filtered and allowed to cool slowly. (The final temperature was above 30° to prevent formation of the hydrate.) After two such crystns the crystals were dried in an oven at 130°, then under high vacuum. [Westrum, Chang and Levitin J Phys Chem 64 1553 I960-, Roecker and Meyer J Am Chem Soc 108 4066 1986.] The salt has also been recrystd twice from ImM DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid which was recrystd 4x from MilliQ water and dried in a vac), then twice from water [Bielski and Thomas J Am Chem Soc 109 7761 1987]. 

EGTA enhanced the luminescence up to 10 times at the concentration of 10 mM (panel D). DETAP AC (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) was nearly as effective as EGTA, but EDTA (10 mM) diminished the light emission. 

The chelates employed were diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,2-... 

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid DFMO al-Difluoromethyl ornithine DFP Diisopropyl fluorophosphate DFX Desferrioxamine DGLA Dihomo-y-linolenic acid DH Delayed hypersensitivity DHA Docosahexaenoic acid DHBA Dihydroxybenzoic acid DHR Delayed hypersensitivity reaction... 

No reports were located regarding death in humans that could be associated with acute-, intermediate,- or chronic-duration dermal exposure to americium. An explosion and accidental exposure of a 64-year-old man to 1-5 Ci (37-185 GBq) of241 Am was followed by immediate treatment to reduce contamination to approximately 6 mCi (222 MBq) and to 1 mCi (37 MBq) after the first day (Thompson 1983 Toohey and Kathren 1995). Survival was likely the result of intense and long-term chelation therapy, such as with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The patient lived until natural death 11 years after the accident (see Section 3.2.3.2 for more detailed information regarding this accidental exposure and subsequent treatment and follow-up). 

Lloyd RD, Mays CW, Jones CW, et al. 1985b. Effect of age on the efficacy of Zn-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid therapy for removal of Am and Pu from beagles. Radiat Res 101 451-459. 

Open-chain ligands were the first evaluated for complexation studies with indium and yttrium. The use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) anhydride permitted early evaluation of labeled chelate-conjugates (Figure 2).80 The use of this activated chelating agent was quite popular, until the drawbacks associated with its crosslinking of proteins became apparent. 

Citric acid and nitriloacetic acid (NTA) lanthanide complexes were used in the earliest ion exchange separations of lanthanides from fission product mixtures (Kf = 3.2 for Ce(H3 Cit.)3 and Kf = 10.8 for CeNTA2) (Sillen and Martell, 1964). More recently such polyamino-polycarboxylic acids as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1,2-diaminocyclohexaneacetic acid (DCTA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) have been prepared. Their lanthanide complexes are very stable (Table 3) and have been widely used in analysis and separation of lanthanide mixtures. They have also been used experimentally to remove internally-deposited 144Ce and other radioactive lanthanide nuclides from animals and man (Foreman and Finnegan, 1957 Catsch, 1962 Balabukha et al., 1966 Palmer et al., 1968 among others). 

Baybarz, R. D. (1965). Dissociation contents of the transplutonium chelates with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and the application of DTPA chelates to solvent extraction separations of transplutonium elements from the lanthanide elements, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 27,1831. 

Moeller, T. and Thompson, L. C. (1962). Observations on the rare earths—LXXV. The stabilities of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelates, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 24, 499. 

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