Diet and Nutrition

The nutritional state of a person affects the impact and metabolism of absorbed toxic chemicals. Nutrients are chemical compounds that make up the foods that the body uses to function and grow. These include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The presence of xenobiotics in the body affects that body s nutritional needs. Toxic chemicals can react with nutrients and those exposed to xenobiotics generally require a diet with increased levels of nutrients in order to receive adequate nutrition. 

Phase I and Phase II metabolic reactions require amino acids for enzyme synthesis. A diet that is deficient in amino acid sources (proteins) can result in the individual not synthesizing significant enough enzyme quantities to 

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Raloff J. For coffee drinkers, a shift in the daily grind. Tufts University Diet and Nutrition Letter. July 1, 1994. Vol 12, pp 4. 

Henderson L, Gregory J and Irving K (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition Survey Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and alcohol intake. The Stationery Office, London. 

Waiter-Sack I and Klotz U (1996) Influence of diet and nutritional status on dmg metabolism. Clin Pharmacokinet 31(1) 47-64... 

Testing as a whole This may characterize the toxicity profile of the mixture and eventually verify the (presumed) safety or hazard from exposure to mixmre. One problem may be that incorporation of the test material in the diet at a sufficiently high dose may result in an unbalanced diet and nutritional deficiencies. Another problem is that most mixtures may change in chemical composition over time. 

We are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of diet and nutrition in reducing the risk of cancer. From a toxicological perspective, it is important to reduce exposure to agents that increase the risk of cancer. Cancer, like declining physical and mental ability, is related to old age and may even be a natural consequence of... 

Finch, S., Doyle, W., Lowe, C., Bates, C.J., Prentice, A., Smithers, G., and Clarke, P.C., National Diet and Nutrition Survey. People Aged 65 Years and Over, The Stationery Office, London, 1998. 

Reference values are given according to age, fed state, fasting state, diet and nutritional status (Table 1.4.6). Figure 1.4.4 shows the evolution of KB level as a function of fasting time and age [4, 17]. The reference values for lactate/creatinine/pyruvate are as follows ... 

In the UK, the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food and the Department of Health have conducted four sets of food consumption surveys between 1983 and 1997. These surveys make up the UK s National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) program. The UK has conducted surveys for infants [15], schoolchildren [16], adults [17], and most recently, yoimg people [18]. The food consumption information from these surveys is used for the various UK dietary exposure models, including the TMDI and the NESTI calculations. Elsewhere in the EU, dietary risk assessments may be based upon national food consultation surveys, such as the German data [20], or upon the regional diets... 

Office for National Statistics Social Survey Division et al, National Diet and Nutrition Survey Young People Aged 4 to 18 Years, 1997. [computer file]. Colchester, Essex UK Data Archive [distributor], 25 January 2001. SN 4243. 

National diet and nutrition surveys. Study No. 2836 Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, 1986-1987. Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults. UK Data Archive. 

Anderson, K.E. Influences of diet and nutrition on clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1988, 14, 325-346. 

Mobley C, Dodds MW (2003) In Palmer CA (ed) Diet and Nutrition in Oral Health. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp 182—201... 

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