Dielectrics, nano

This chapter reviews recent studies on energy levels and excited state dynamics of lanthanides (R) in nano-structures, which include R-doped dielectric nano-crystals, implanted nano-particles of semiconductors, coated core-shell nano-particles, nano-tubes and nano-balls stuffed with R ions. New phenomena such as the action of confinement on ion-phonon interaction and its consequences for electronic transitions, energy transfer, and phase transitions are discussed in the light of experimental and theoretical studies reported in the literature. Although the review aims at being comprehensive and covers all the important aspects in the field, emphasis is given to identification and theoretical analysis of various mechanisms for... 

Wang, Q., Wang, D.W., Gordon, R.G., Lundstrom, M., and Dai, H.J. (2004) Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with integrated ohmic contacts and high-k gate dielectrics. Nano Lett., 4, 447 -450. 

Xie, Y., Yin, S., Hashimoto, T., Kimura.H. and Sato, T. (2009) Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of nano-sized Sn2+-doped BaTi03 powdersand dielectric properties of corresponding ceramics obtained byspark plasma sintering method. Journal of Materials Science, 44, 4834—4839. 

The next three chapters (Chapters 9-11) focus on the deposition of nano-structured or microstructured films and entities. Porous oxide thin films are, for example, of great interest due to potential application of these films as low-K dielectrics and in sensors, selective membranes, and photovoltaic applications. One of the key challenges in this area is the problem of controlling, ordering, and combining pore structure over different length scales. Chapter 9 provides an introduction and discussion of evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), a method that combines sol-gel synthesis with self-assembly and phase separation to produce films with a tailored pore structure. Chapter 10 describes how nanomaterials can be used as soluble precursors for the preparation of extended... 

Three-dimensional (3D) structuring of materials allows miniaturization of photonic devices, micro-(nano-)electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), micro-total analysis systems (yu,-TAS), and other systems functioning on the micro- and nanoscale. Miniature photonic structures enable practical implementation of near-held manipulation, plasmonics, and photonic band-gap (PEG) materials, also known as photonic crystals (PhC) [1,2]. In micromechanics, fast response times are possible due to the small dimensions of moving parts. Femtoliter-level sensitivity of /x-TAS devices has been achieved due to minute volumes and cross-sections of channels and reaction chambers, in combination with high resolution and sensitivity of optical con-focal microscopy. Progress in all these areas relies on the 3D structuring of bulk and thin-fllm dielectrics, metals, and organic photosensitive materials. 

Nano-inspection of Dielectric and Polarization Properties at Inner and Outer Interfaces in pzt Thin Films... 

Therefore, we have concluded that the sndm is very useful for observing ferroelectric nano domain and local crystal anisotropy of dielectric material with sub-nano meter resolution and also has a quite high potential as a nano-domain engineering tool. 

A major application of this scientific field is in the production of novel nanocomposite materials with unique characteristics. By changing the processing conditions and chemical composition of the film, it is possible to affect its structure and consequently, its physico-chemical properties. Therefore the key to a successful production of such important materials, specifically, nano structural films of predetermined optical, magnetic, dielectric,... 

The extension of continuum models to complex environments is further analyzed by Ferrarini and Corni Frediani, respectively. In the first contribution the use of PCM models in anisotropic dielectric media such as liquid crystals is presented in relation to the calculation of response properties and spectroscopies. In the second contribution, PCM formulations to account for gas-liquid or liquid-liquid interfaces, as well for the presence of a meso- or nano-scopic metal body, are presented. In the case of molecular systems close to metal bodies, particular attention is devoted to the description of the surface enhanced effects on their spectroscopic properties. 

Metal nanoparticles have been used for many applications because of their unique characteristics, even before they were visualized as small particles of nano-meter order by using a transmission electron microscope [118]. For example, colored glasses, which gained in popularity in medieval times, contain nanoparticles of noble metals. These colors originate from the SPR of metal nanoparticles, which is the resonance phenomenon of surface electron density wave with incident light wave at the metal surface [119]. Since this resonance is sensitive to the dielectric constant of surrounding media, the phenomenon has... 

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