Die-sinking

In most circumstances, it can be assumed diat die gas-solid reaction proceeds more rapidly diaii die gaseous transport, and dierefore diat local equilibrium exists between die solid and gaseous components at die source and sink. This implies diat die extent and direction of die transport reaction at each end of die temperature gradient may be assessed solely from diermodynamic data, and diat die rate of uansport across die interface between die gas and die solid phases, at bodi reactant and product sites, is not rate-determining. Transport of die gaseous species between die source of atoms and die sink where deposition takes place is die rate-determining process. 

Electro discharge (spark erosion) techniques rely heavily on the ability of EDM oil to act as an electrical insu-lant, to dissipate heat from the electrode, and to flush away erosion debris from the workpiece. EDM oils also are suitable for all die-sinking spark erosion operations. They should have low aromatic levels, good filterability, low fuming, high dielectric strength, excellent oxidation resistance and low color level. 

The jet mixers were made of Hastelloy and manufactured by die sinking, a special variant of the p-EDM technique using small cylindrical electrodes [39,136],... 

Two types of EDM, which is controlled spark micro machining under a dielectric fluid, exist. They are namely EDM die-sinking, where an electrode is moved into... 

Fig. 5. Single mixer and micromixer array in nickel on copper fabricated by LIGA technique and housing. Channel width 40 pm, Materials Nickel on copper, silver and titanium diboride. The silver and nickel-on-copper micromixers were realized by electroforming, the titanium diboride micromixer was fabricated by die sinking with LIGA electrodes...

These dissolved constituents of seawater have concentration versus depth profiles characterized by surface water depletion and deep water enrichment caused by plant consumption in the euphotic zone and release at depth when the biological material dies, sinks and degrades. Examples of these elements are nutrients required for ph5d oplankton growth (P, NO3 and HCO3), oxygen consumed during... 

The following expression for die sinking velocity iVs of a single particle follows from equation (5.12) ... 

Sinking-EDM (spark erosion sinking, die sinking, ram sinking). 

If the feed motion of a shape-generating counterpart in axial direction is parallel to the ultrasonic vibration, the process is called conventional face die-sinking. The process can be used purely for drilling or for the generation of profiles in the workpiece. In this case, a profiled shape-generating counterpart is used, whose negative shape is projected onto the workpiece (Figure 17.4a). 

Conventional Face Die-Sinking with Rotational Superposition... 

Die-sinking the counterpart to desired depth and subsequent running over the required contour (deep feed machining). 

Slow die-sinking of the counterpart at a high cross-feed speed, so that the counterpart reaches the desired depth of cut in several runs (layer machining) (Noelke, 1980 Hilleke, 1998). 

Face die-sinking with rotationai superposition Conventionai face die-sinking... 

Nozzle prototypes with a Laval-shape design were produced by die sinking for the experimental ejector evaluation., Figure 5 shows a cross-section of the negative cast of one nozzle. The maximum propane flow rate is limited by the smallest nozzle diameter and was determined to 1 Ix/min for an inlet pressure of 3.5 bar(a) and an outlet pressure of 1.02 baifa). 

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