Layered machines

Of course, multiple layer machines make wet-end control more complex. The need to focus on major layers to achieve the best possible payback is obvious. To find out the best online control strategy for a certain board machine all aspects of the process should be analysed. 

Slow die-sinking of the counterpart at a high cross-feed speed, so that the counterpart reaches the desired depth of cut in several runs (layer machining) (Noelke, 1980 Hilleke, 1998). 

A committee machine is a special case of a "layered machine . 

A Layered machine consists of several levels of classifiers (TLU s). 

Seamless garments can be knit either on a circular knitting machine or on a hat (V-bed) knitting machine (warp-knit double-layer machines that can create more open work... 

M. W. Barsoum, T. El-Raghy and M. Radovic, Ti3SiC2 A Layered Machinable Ductile Ceramic, Interceram 49, 226-233 (2000)... 

X.H. Wang, Y.C. Zhou, Layered machinable and electrically conductive Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 ceramics a review, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 26 (2010) 385—416. 

The special design of the Latham bowl allows for a specific blood cell separation known as SURGE. This technique makes use of the principle of critical velocity. The Latham bowl is filled until the huffy coat, ie, layer of platelets and white cells, moves in front of the bowl optics. At this point the machine starts to recirculate plasma through the bowl at increasing rates. The smallest particles, ie, platelets, ate the first to leave the bowl. Their high number causes the effluent line to turn foggy. The optical density of the fluid in the effluent line is monitored by the line sensor. A special algorithm then determines when to open and close the appropriate valves, as well as the optimum recirculation rate. 

Splitting. In most modem large tanneries that make upholstery leather, and in some that make shoe uppers leather, the hides are spHt in the lime condition. In splitting the hides are cut to the desired thickness with a horizontal belt knife. The hides are fed into the machine grain up. The clearance between the grain and the blade is maintained by a series of narrow rollers supported by a mbber roUer underneath the spacing roUers. The grain layer is then cut to the thickness desired to an accuracy of about 0.1 mm. 

A problem in nitriding is that a layer of nitrides may form on the surface which does not have desirable properties. For example, if the layer is too thick, it is brittle and may spall off. This is called the white layer or compound layer, and may have to be machined or ground off after nitriding. 

Properties. Uranium metal is a dense, bright silvery, ductile, and malleable metal. Uranium is highly electropositive, resembling magnesium, and tarnishes rapidly on exposure to air. Even a poHshed surface becomes coated with a dark-colored oxide layer in a short time upon exposure to air. At elevated temperatures, uranium metal reacts with most common metals and refractories. Finely divided uranium reacts, even at room temperature, with all components of the atmosphere except the noble gases. The silvery luster of freshly cleaned uranium metal is rapidly converted first to a golden yellow, and then to a black oxide—nitride film within three to four days. Powdered uranium is usually pyrophoric, an important safety consideration in the machining of uranium parts. The corrosion characteristics of uranium have been discussed in detail (28). 

---