DICOM

DCT DIC DICOM DIM DWT Discrete Cosine Transformation Differential Interference Contrast Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine Diffraction Imaging Microscopy Discrete Wavelet Transform... 

DICOM http //medical. nema.org/ For medical imaging data... 

Currently, all vendors provide software conforming to the DICOM standard, and agree to a commitment to that effect to all customers. Compliance with this standard establishes a common format for imaging systems connecting hardware and software components, and allows interoperability for transfer of images and associated information among multiple vendors devices. The DICOM standard is particularly useful in the implementation of the Picture Archival and Communication System (PACS), which is discussed here. 

Access to raw data is enabled in two steps the vendor enables a node on the X-ray system to which raw data can be sent, and at this node, a DICOM receiver (Jacobs et al. 2006) receives the QC image and extracts a series of data out of all relevant incoming raw data. By convention, the patient name tag is used to distinguish between an image for QC purposes and any other image. In practice, patient dose data analysis can also be performed on routine patient images using the same DICOM receiver software tool. 

Instead of sending the two original images for analysis to a remote centre for quality supervision, a smaller package of data is sent, which includes the SNR in a specific ROI, the thumbnail images, a selection of DICOM header tags (for DR systems) or manual input such as anode/filter combination, peak tube voltage and tube current for CR with incomplete DICOM headers, a few line profiles and noise power spectra of six specific ROIs. 

Incorrect interpretation of the DICOM header values or hugs in the viewing software could also introduce prohlems. Radiologists should be aware of this fact and always critically check the quality of their images after setup or after software upgrades. 

NEMA PS 3.14 (2000) Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) Part 14 grayscale standard display function. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Rosslyn, VA... 

Mutti DO, Zadnik K (1996) Is computer use a risk factor for myopia J Am Optomet Assn 67 521-553 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (2001) Digital imaging and communications in Medicine (DICOM) part 14 grayscale standard display function. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Roslyn, VA Nodine CF, Kundel HL (1987) Using eye movements to study visual search and to improve tumor detection. Radiographics 7 1241-1250... 

The need for integration between the different components in the system is frequently underestimated. Simply putting together even the most expensive high-tech components will result in a workflow that is less efficient than the film-based one. In the next subsections, we first discuss system interactions using the simplified diagram in Fig. 8.2, and then situate the DICOM standard and the IHE initiative. 

The functionality for a modality to receive a work hst has been standardized in the DICOM framework. As most HlSs do not speak DICOM natively and given that the PACS may require lists of scheduled exams for other purposes as well (see Sect. 8.3.2.1) a common approach is for the HIS to communicate this information to the PACS and to have the PACS internally distribute work lists to the individual modalities (dotted block arrow 2 in Fig. 8.2). Communication from HIS to PACS is most often using the HL7 standard. 

A first purpose of DICOM is to define the data elements that make up an image. This includes the actual pixels but also information such as patient... 

A second purpose of DICOM is to specify the messages that computers must exchange to transmit or request information. This communication takes the form of a request for one of the specified services, for example, to store an image or to print images using a supplied layout. A system component need not provide all services and can even limit a service to a particular type of images. 

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