Diclofenac salts

Fini, A. Garuti, M. Fazio, G. Alvarez-Fuentes, J. Holgado, M.A. Diclofenac salts. 1. Fractal and thermal analysis of sodium and potassium diclofenac salts. J. Pharm. Sci. 2001, 90 (12), 2049-2057. 

Eq. (22) was developed assuming that every surface of the particle is equally reactive. However, this is not always the case. It has been reported that the reactive points on diclofenac salt surface without heating are less than after heating. l... 

Fig. 1 Solubility vs. pH of the saturated solution for a range of diclofenac salts. The lines represent the theoretical pH-solu-bility profiles (for abbreviations, see Table 2). (From Ref...

Fini, A. Fazio, G. Rabasco, A.M. Fernandez-Hervas, M.J. Holgado, M.A. Pre-formulation study of diclofenac salts, Proc. 14th Pharm. Tech. Congress, Barcelona, Spain,... 

Maitani, Y Kugo, M. Nagai, T. Permeation of diclofenac salts through silicone membrane A mechanistic study of percutaneous absorption of ionizable drugs. Chem.Pharm.Bull., 1994,42,1297—1301... 

Fini, A., Cavallari, C., Rabasco Alvarez, A.M. Rodriguez, M.G. Diclofenac salts, part 6 Release from lipid microspheres. J. Pharm. Sci. 2011, 100 3482-3494. 

For therapeutical purposes, a likewise frequently used group of drug compounds are the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Among the best known representatives of the aryl acetic acid derivatives is diclofenac as well as ibuprofen, an aryl propionic acid derivative. As both have acidic properties, they dissociate while being dissolved and may form salts with amphiphilic properties. Together with appropriate counterions these amphiphilic organic acids may form lyotropic mesophases with water even at room or body temperature, for example, diclofenac diethylamine... 

To enhance the removal of substances with high sorption properties, for example diclofenac (log = 2.7 and log A ow = 4.5. 8), ferric and aluminium salts may be added, increasing their removal rate to as much as 50-70% [66]. This strategy can also improve the removal of acidic compounds, for example naproxen, by ioiuc or chelating interactions [55]. 

Diclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is available as the potassium and sodium salts. Potassium salts are slightly more soluble than the sodium salts. Diclofenac can be used in breastfeeding mothers since the amount that passes through breast milk is too small to be harmful to the baby. However, diclofenac is contraindicated in pregnancy, especially during the last trimester. 

Diclofenac is used mainly as the sodium salt orally or Trade name Voltaren (Ger,... 

Diclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative used mainly as sodium salt for the treatment of various pain and inflammation. Intramuscular injection occasionally causes tissue damage at the injection site. Suppositories may cause local irritation transient burning and stinging are reported when used for the eye and large doses can cause aplastic anemia.14... 

Table 2 Melting points, solubilities, and intrinsic dissolution rates for diclofenac (D) salts in water at 25 C...

A number of salt forms of drugs have surfactant properties, which may contribute to their high solubility, membrane transport, and drug absorption. Examples include diclofenac, A-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyr-rolidone (DHEP), and DDNL used in topical pro-ducts.[ ° l... 

The stability, both chemical and physical, of a drug may be enhanced or retarded by salt formation. For example, solid dosage forms of diclofenac contain salt forms rather than the less stable free acid. Although salt formation may result in improved dissolution rate and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble compound, the preparation of stable salt forms for some drugs may not be feasible and the free acid or base forms may be preferred. For example, the base form of a-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol was selected for dosage form design because of the physical instability of its hydrochloride salt. ... 

Diclofenac Potassium and Sodium. Diclofenac. sodium. sodium [o-(2.6-dichluroanilino)phenyl acetate (Vul-taren). is indicated for short- and long-term treatment of RA. OA, and ankylo.sing spondylitis. The potassium salt (Ca-taflam). which is faster acting, is indicated fur the management of acute pain and PD. The sodium salt is available as delayed-release tablets (25. 50. 75. and 100 mg), with a recommended daily dose of l(X) to 2(X) mg in divided doses. The potassium salt is available as a tablet (50 mg), with a reeommended duse of 50 mg 3 times daily. 

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