Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane hydrocarbons

DDT (Figure 20.7) is short for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, an old name for l,l-di(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane. It is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that has had widespread success in controlling mosquitoes and preventing thousands of deaths from malaria. The insecticide is not easily decomposed in the environment, however, and finds its way into the food chain of higher animals, with harmful results. For this reason, its use has been banned in the United States, and substitute insecticides are being used. 

Determination of traces of organic compounds has become especially important, as many of those species have been introduced into the environment in an uncontrolled way. Sometimes those substances were used because of their special positive activity, but harmful effects became obvious later. A known example is the insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), which does not decompose rapidly in nature but accumulates dangerously in many organisms. Among other active species formed in many industrial processes are polycychc hydrocarbons and dioxins (chlorinated derivatives of dibenzodioxins), both highly toxic species that are now present in nearly all environmental media. Determination of individual species is difficult because they are accompanied by numerous compounds of similar stmcture (congeners, isomers, homologs) and closely related chemical properties. 

DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) Genetic Toxicology Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Radiation Toxicology, Ionizing and Nonionizing. 

DDT [l,l-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (11.2)], also called dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, was introduced about the time of World War II. This was followed by a flood of many other highly chlorinated hydrocarbons, including toxaphene (11.3). 

AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor, DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, PXR pregnane X receptor... 

The technology provider has stated that GPCR reactors have been operating reliably in Canada and Austraha for several years at commercial scales (several tons per day) to treat a variety of feedstocks, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, chlorobenzenes, and toluene. According to the process developer, the reactor can operate effectively over a temperature range of 750°C to 950°C. 

Immunoassay techniques have been approved for the determination of numerous analytes commonly found in hazardous wastes. Where the EPA method numbers are given in parentheses in the following list, these include pentachlorophenol (4010) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic add (4015) polychlorinated biphenyls (4020) petroleum hydrocarbons (4030) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (4035) toxaphene (4040) chlordane (4041) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (4042) trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives in soil (4050) and hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soil (4051). ELISAs have been reported for monitoring pentachlorophenol and BTEX (benzene toluene ethylbenzene and o-, m-, and p-xylene) in industrial effluents. 

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