Dicarboxylic acids physical properties

TABLE E Selected Physical Properties of Representative Carboxylic Acids and Dicarboxylic Acids... 

PEN film for audio- and videotape and various electronic appHcations and blow molded PEN containers for hot-fill appHcations are already being marketed in Japan. NDA is unlikely to ever become as inexpensive as terephthaUc acid but novel NDA-based polyesters will become available if a market need exists. One example could be the experimental polyester PBN (Celanese Corp.) this is the NDA analogue of PBT, poly(l,4-butylene naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate) [28779-82-0]. It has a high rate of crystallization, faster even than that of PBT, and its combination of physical properties is weU-suited for injection molding. 

Cyclohexaamylose continued) mono-6-O-tosyl-, preparation of, 23 250 pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid derivative, catalytic action of, 23 251 separation of, by complexing, 23 214 structure, stereochemistry and physical properties of, 23 210-213... 

TABLE 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF C.—C ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS... 

However, when the carboxyl groups are closer together the possibilities for interaction increase we shall be interested primarily in such acids. A number of important dicarboxylic acids are listed in Table 18-4 together with their physical properties, methods of manufacture, and commercial uses. 

As part of a more extensive study of cocrystals formed by isonicotinamide with carboxylic acids, 1 1 products containing the dicarboxylic fumaric or succinic acids [59]. In the structures of these particular cocrystals, the typical discrete dimeric synthon was not observed, but instead effectively infinite assemblies of one-dimensional chains were found instead. In a subsequent work, cocrystals of isonicotinamide containing mixed fumaric/succinic acids were prepared using both solid-state grinding and solution crystallization [60]. A full physical characterization of the products demonstrated that the products consisted of a single cocrystal phase, and were not simple physical mixtures of two cocrystal components. Such solid solutions were proposed as yet another method whereby one might obtain even finer control over the physical properties of cocrystal systems proposed as drug substances. 

Q Draw and name carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids, and use spectral information to determine their structures. Q Describe the trends in the acidity and physical properties of carboxylic acids, and explain how their acidity varies with their substituents. 

Common Names of Dicarboxylic Acids A dicarboxylic acid (also called a diacid) is a compound with two carboxyl groups. The common names of simple dicarboxylic acids are used more frequently than their systematic names. A common mnemonic for these names is Oh my, such good apple pie, standing for oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, and pimelic acids. The names and physical properties of some dicarboxylic acids are given in Table 20-2. 

TABLE 20-2 [ Names and Physical Properties of Dicarboxylic Acids... 

The acid properties of carboxylic acids have been discussed previously (Sections 1.18 and 7.10). Recall that carboxylic acids have values of approximately 3-5 (Appendix II see also Special Topics I in the Study Guide and Solutions Manual). The acid properties of dicarboxylic acids will be discussed in Section 17.21. The boiling points and other physical properties of carbonyl compounds are listed in Appendix I. Carbonyl compounds have the following relative boiling points ... 

Lewis and Bronsted acids, activate the epoxy ring toward ring opening by various nucleophilic species, most often hydroxyl or other epoxy groups (Eqs. 2-4). Both types of curatives can take the form of catalytic species, such as tertiary amines and Lewis acids, or coreactants, such as primary amines, mercaptans, and dicarboxylic acids. When the curatives are catalytic species, the properties of the cured adhesive are due primarily to the epoxy resin and the stability/activity of the catalyst in the resin under cure conditions. Coreactant curatives offer much greater latitude in choosing the final cured adhesive properties because the physical characteristics of the... 

The previous paper in this series described the preparation and properties of highly aromatic polyesters that have turbid melts, have melt viscosities highly dependent upon composition and shear rate, and that give unusually anisotropic molded articles. Because these unusual properties are reminiscent of the behavior of nonpolymeric nematic liquid crystalline materials, further work has been done to synthesize and characterize polymers containing other moieties known to lead to liquid crystallinity in nonpolymeric materials. The copolyesters produced were derived by the acidolysis reaction previously described from poly-(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and a variety of dicarboxylic acids and acetylated difunctional phenols. Some of the copolymer compositions were varied to determine the limits of composition that give the turbid melts characteristic of liquid crystallinity, but which can be melted before decomposition. This paper describes the preparation and the physical and magnetic properties of these polymers. 

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