Diarrhea exudative

Diarrhea is a common problem that is usually self-limiting and of short duration. Increased accumulations of small intestinal and colonic contents are known to be responsible for producing diarrhea. The former may be caused by increased intestinal secretion which may be enterotoxin-induced, eg, cholera and E. col] or hormone and dmg-induced, eg, caffeine, prostaglandins, and laxatives decreased intestinal absorption because of decreased mucosal surface area, mucosal disease, eg, tropical spme, or osmotic deficiency, eg, disaccharidase or lactase deficiency and rapid transit of contents. An increased accumulation of colonic content may be linked to increased colonic secretion owing to hydroxy fatty acid or bile acids, and exudation, eg, inflammatory bowel disease or amebiasis decreased colonic absorption caused by decreased surface area, mucosal disease, and osmotic factors and rapid transit, eg, irritable bowel syndrome. 

Inflammatory (or exudative) diarrhea results from changes to the intestinal mucosa that damage absorption processes and lead to an increase in proteins and other products in the intestinal lumen with fluid retention. The presence of blood or fecal leukocytes in the stool is indicative of an inflammatory process. The diarrhea of inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis) is inflammatory in nature. 

Antibiotics alter the normal colonic flora, leading to loss of colonization resistance, which is the ability of the normal flora to protect against overgrowth of pathogens, especially when the anaerobic flora are depleted [15], In CDAD, the altered colonization resistance can allow for the overgrowth of C. difficile in the colon. The bacteria produces two toxins which cause disease (toxin A, an enterotoxin, and toxin B, a cytotoxin). The toxins of C. difficile inactivate Rho proteins, which results in the loss of cytoskeletal integrity in enterocytes. Cellular damage results in fluid loss, exudation and diarrhea. The most severe form of C. difficile diarrhea is pseudomembranous colitis, which can cause severe colitis, toxic colon and rarely colon perforation and death. 

Inflammatory diseases of the GI tract can cause exudative diarrhea by discharge of mucus, proteins, or blood into the gut. 

Four general pathophysiologic mechanisms disrupt water and electrolyte balance, leading to diarrhea. These four mechanisms are the basis of diagnosis and therapy. They are (1) a change in active ion transport by either decreased sodium absorption or increased chloride secretion (2) a change in intestinal motility (3) an increase in luminal osmolarity and (4) an increase in tissue hydrostatic pressure. These mechanisms have been related to four broad clinical diarrheal groups secretory, osmotic, exudative, and altered intestinal transit. 

The four pathophysiologic mechanisms of diarrhea have been linked to the four broad diarrheal groups, which are secretory, osmotic, exudative, and altered intestinal transit. The three mechanisms by which absorption occurs from the intestines are active transport, diffusion, and solvent drag. 

Inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract discharge mucus, serum proteins, and blood into the gut. Sometimes bowel movements consist only of mucus, exudate, and blood. Exudative diarrhea probably affects other absorptive, secretory, or motility functions to account for the large stool volume associated with this disorder. 

Vomiting, diarrhea, inflammatory exudate Renal loss ... 

Diarrhea can be caused by an increased osmotic load within the intestine (resulting in retention of water within the lumen) excessive secretion of electrolytes and water into the intestinal lumen exudation of protein and fluid from the mucosa and altered intestinal motility resulting in rapid transit (and decreased fluid absorption). In most instances, multiple processes are affected simultaneously, leading to a net increase in stool volume and weight accompanied by increases in fractional water content. 

The hydrophilic properties of HDS have found application to eliminate edemas and to decrease exudation in the case of local treatment of wounds at a stage of inflammation, to bind and structurise water in the intestine of a patient suffering from diarrhea. Besides, HDS is widely used as a drying agent in dermatological practice. 

The use of the deep red or ruby red exudate of Dragon s blood from Dracaena cinnabri (Agavaceae) (or more recently Daemonorops spp., Palmae) as an astringent for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea was recorded by Pliny (30) and early Greek writers. It has been found in tombs of that period (19). Its incorporation in violin varnishes as a dye was probably a more effective use. 

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