Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Diamorphine preparation

Morphine may also be metabolised by A -demet-ylation to normorphine. Alkylation to produce codeine (the 3-O-methyl derivative) has also been suggested but more recent work indicates that codeine arises due to the presence of codeine or acetylcodeine as contaminants in morphine or illicit diamorphine preparations. Codeine can be metabolised by the reverse reaction, O-demethylation, to yield morphine, as well as by conjugation with glucuronic acid and N-demethylation. [Pg.289]

The processes used in the manufacture of morphine are believed to be still based on that described by the Scottish chemist Gregory,in 1833, with improvements devised by Anderson. A description has been published by Schwyzer, who also deals with the manufactme of codeine, narcotine, cotarnine, and the commercially important morphine derivatives, diamorphine (diacetylmorphine), and ethylmorphine (morphine ethyl ether). More recently Barbier has given an account of processes, based on long experience in the preparation of alkaloids from opium. Kanewskaja has described a process for morphine, narcotine, codeine, thebaine and papaverine, and the same bases are dealt with by Chemnitius, with the addition of narceine, by Busse and Busse, and by Dott. It is of interest to note that a number of processes for the extraction and separation of opium alkaloids have been protected by patent in Soviet Russia. ... [Pg.179]

The process of controlled withdrawal from a drug (Palfium) Opioid medication, frequently abused by injection Heroin - the chemical term diamorphine may be used to refer to the pharmaceutical preparation... [Pg.146]

The most commonly used opiate substitute is methadone which has been available since the Second World War. It is a potent analgesic with a long half life, and thus once substituted for diamorphine can be reduced over a variable period of time. It is available in ampoules (for injection), tablets, linctus (2 mg in 5 ml), and mixture (1 mg in 1 ml). The use of ampoules and tablets is to be discouraged and many centres now are using the methadone mixture. This can be prescribed by any medical practitioner and requires no central licence. The use of ampoules and tablets has led to abuse, and these preparations have more of a black market value than the mixture. The amount of mixture used will depend on the amount of street heroin consumed and its potency, but it is usual to start at a safe dosage of between 30 and 50 mg daily for opiate dependents consuming half to one gramme... [Pg.85]

Heroin is diacetylmorphine (diamorphine hydrochloride) and is prepared by the action of acetic anhydride on morphine. It possesses four times the analgesic effect of morphine, but has considerably less depressant effect. Addiction is common, the drug being taken in the form of snuff, or by injection. [Pg.338]

Diamorphine Diamorphine is relatively unstable in aqueous solutions, and minimum decomposition was observed at pH 4. Preparations should be used within 4 weeks when kept at room temperature, but degradation products also have analgesic activity.45,46 Diamorphine is used in the management of opioid dependence this is also a drug of abuse and the overdose is fatal47,48 Interactions are similar to those of opioid analgesics. Withdrawal symptoms of opioid dependence can be treated with diamorphine and methadone.49... [Pg.340]

One of the earliest attempts(68,69) at developing a nondependence-inducing morphine derivative resulted in the preparation of heroin (3,6-diacetylmor-phine or diamorphine) by acetylation of morphine. Reports of its reduced respiratory depression and dependence liability were soon shown to be mis-Ibunded, but its superior analgesic effects in animals and humans (twice morphine) are demonstrable. Pharmacological examination(70) of acyl derivatives of morphine showed that heroin and its higher and lower acyl homologs... [Pg.23]

Diamorphine is prepared by the isolation and acetylation of morphine. While morphine was first discovered in the dried latex of P. somniferum shortly after 1800, it is now known that of the approximately 110 species of Papaver, only two are known to prodnce morphine in significant quantities, namely P. somniferum L. and P. setigerum DC [1,2]. Of the two species, it is P. somniferum which is nsed to provide the dried latex for heroin production. [Pg.74]

It is from the morphine that diamorphine is prepared. This is achieved by mixing the morphine with acetic anhydride and heating to approximately 85°C for about 5 h, or until all of the morphine has dissolved. Water is added to the mixture, followed by activated charcoal which absorbs any impurities. The mixture is repeatedly extracted with charcoal and filtered until the solution is clear. Sodium carbonate, dissolved in hot water, is slowly added to the mixture and the heroin base precipitates as a solid, which is then filtered and dried. The decolourizing and filtering process can be repeated a number of times until the desired colour/purity is achieved. From each kilogram of morphine, up to 700 g of diamorphine can be produced. [Pg.77]

To prepare the diamorphine hydrochloride, ethanol, diethyl ether and concentrated HCl are used. The base is dissolved in ethanol and the acid is added. Once all of the drug has been converted to the hydrochloride salt, further alcohol and ether are added. After a few minutes, crystals of heroin hydrochloride form. Further ether is added and the whole system allowed to stand. The solid diamorphine hydrochloride is then ready for packing and shipping. A consequence of all of these processes is that the opiates which may be contained within a heroin sample include diamorphine, 6-0-monoacetylmorphine (7), morphine, codeine and acetylcodeine (8). [Pg.77]

Diamorphine injection is prepared by dissolving the contents of a sealed container in Water for Injections BP immediately prior to use. The instability of the ester groups precludes sterilisation of the injection by autoclaving. [Pg.221]

Class A includes alfentanil, cocaine, dextromor-amide, diamorphine (heroin), dipipanone, lyser-gide (LSD), methadone, morphine, opium, pethidine, phencyclidine and class B substances when prepared for injection. [Pg.431]

Sample preparation Condition a 300 mg Bond Elut Certify SPE cartridge with 2 mL MeOH and 2 mL water. 5 mL Urine -i- 1 mL concentrated HCl, vortex, heat at 120° for 30 min, cool, adjust pH to between 7.0 and 8.0 with 10 M KOH. 5 mL Urine or hydrolyzed urine + nalorphine, add to the SPE cartridge, wash with 2 mL water, wash with 1 mL pH 4 acetate buffer, wash with 2 mL MeOH, elute with 2 mL dichloromethane isopro-pemol 80 20 containing 2% ammonia. Evaporate the eluate to dryness imder a stream of nitrogen, reconstitute the residue in 0.5-1 mL pentane dichlorometheine 90 10. (Use unhydrolyzed urine to determine diamorphine and unconjugated compoimds.)... [Pg.429]

Heroin Diacetylmorphine diamorphine. A potent narcotic prepared by acetylation of morphine. [Pg.620]

Like codeine and unlike morphine and diamorphine, ethylmorphine is extracted from alkaline solution by chloroform and assay of its salts and preparations is effected by normal alkaloidal extraction technique. Ethyl-morphine hydrochloride, Ci9H2303N,HCl,2H20, Mol. Wt. 385-9. 1 ml... [Pg.499]


See other pages where Diamorphine preparation is mentioned: [Pg.400]    [Pg.353]    [Pg.400]    [Pg.353]    [Pg.531]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.38]    [Pg.38]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.126]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.444]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.164]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.74 , Pg.77 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.74 , Pg.77 ]




SEARCH



Diamorphin

Diamorphine

Morphine diamorphine preparation

© 2024 chempedia.info