Diamond nanodiamonds application

Until recently, selective oxidation of carbon nanomaterials has not been optimized or was considered not feasible as in the case of ND [2]. However, for the production and application of nanostructures on an industrial scale, it is very important to develop a simple and efficient route to selectively remove sp -bonded carbon from nanodiamond and amorphous carbon from nanotubes with minimal or no loss of diamond or nanotubes. 

A modification of functional groups already attached to the nanodiamond surface is of considerable interest for the development of new diamond materials for biomedical or mechanical applications. 

Owing to its properties, nanodiamond like the classical diamond is an attractive material for many applications. For the time being, however, just a limited number of industrial scale processes has really been established due to its inhomogeneity and the variable quality available from different suppHers. Pioneers in this area are the countries of the former Soviet Union where by now access has been made to various fields of applicahon. The examples given herein comprise processes developed to an industrial scale already as weU as such stUl operahve on a laboratory scale. They include the preparation of composites and coatings, mechanical apphcations to reduce friction or to modify surfaces, uses in electro-deposition or biomedical apphcahons. 

The physical properties of diamond films largely correspond to those of the macroscopic material. The only significant differences to bulk diamond arise from surface defects and from a possible doping. The spectroscopic properties are employed to characterize the diamond films obtained, to evaluate their quality and, where applicable, to identify defects and impurities. In the following, the main attention will be directed just to those features differing from the bulk properties of diamond. Further aspects are also discussed in Section 5.4 on the physical properties of nanodiamond that shares some characteristics with the so-called ultrananocrystalline diamond in particular. 

Kuznetsov, V.L. and Butenko, Y.V. (2005) Nanodiamond Graphitization and Properties of Onion-like Carbon, in Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond, NATO Science Series, vol. 192 (eds D.M. Gruen,... 

Particulate nanodiamond, nanocrystalline diamond and nanostructured diamond-like carbon for orthopedic medical applications... 

Daulton, T.L., Nanodiamonds in the cosmos microstmctural and trapped elements isotopic data, in Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond, Gmen, D., Shenderova, O., Vul A.Ya., eds., NATO Science Series II Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Springer, Dordrecht, 192, 49, 2005. 

In Chapter 2, the development of composite materials based on improved nanodiamonds is reported by P. Ya Detkov, V. A. Popov, V. G. Kuhchikhin and S. I. Chukhaeva. The authors describe methods for improving the quality of diamond nanopowders obtained by detonation synthesis, as well as some commercial applications of nanodiamonds. The authors prove that the synthetic detonation diamond is a promising material that can be used in many fields. Of special interest are its applications in compos ite materials both with a metal and polymer matrix. Commercial production of ultradisperse diamonds (or nanodiamonds) has been developed, and it is synthesized on a scale sufficient for particular industries. 

This chapter describes the methods of improving the quality of diamond nanopowders obtained by detonation synthesis, and some commercial applications of nanodiamonds that have been developed. 

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