Dialysis and Synchronous Culture Operation

Bacterial leaching of ores for the recovery of metals by natural adhesion on solid materials. 

In conventional STRs. Such STRs also imply biofilm formation (wall growth), a fact that is often ignored. 

Conventional continuous or batch culture methods suffer from some restrictions that are disadvantageous for technical or economic reasons (e.g., accumulation of toxic and/or inhibition of metabolic end products, limited cell densities, etc.), or are disadvantageous for scientific research purposes (e.g., cultivations are related to the statistical mean of the cell population and not to the individual cell). Recent extensions of the continuous culture methods, that is, dialysis and synchronous culture techniques, are able to fill this gap. 

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The influence of the OTR on kinetics (and therefore on productivity) was indicated in Equs. 5.169 and 5.170. Therefore, we will discuss here primarily those process engineering factors involved in various different types of reactors and operations. Last but not least, some unconventional reactors such as membrane (dialysis) reactors and synchronous culture techniques will be discussed. 

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