Mineral diagenesis

Berner RA (1983) Kinetics of weathering and diagenesis. Mineral. 8 111-134 Bolt GH, De Boodt ME, Hayes MHB, McBride MB (1991) Interactions at the soil coUoid-soil solution interface. Kluwer, Dordrecht... 

Bevan J, Savage D (1989) The effect of organic acids on the dissolution of K-feldspar under conditions relevant to burial diagenesis. Mineral Mag 53 415-425... 

Berner RA, Holdren GR Jr (1979) Mechanism of feldspar weathering. II. Observations of feldspars from soils. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43 1173-1186 Bevan J, Savage D (1989) The effect of organic acids on the dissolution of K-feldspar under conditions relevant to burial diagenesis. Mineral Mag 53 415-425 Blum AE, Lasaga AC (1988) The role of surface speciation in the low-temperature dissolution of minerals. Nature 4 431-433... 

Diagenetic Healing late precipitation of minerals on or near the fault plane has created a sealing surface (see diagenesis for more detail). 

Carbonate reservoirs are usually affeoted to varying degree by diagenesis. However the process of dissolution and replacement is not limited to carbonates. Feldspar for instance is another family of minerals prone to early alterations. 

An alternative description of iUite—smectite mixed-layer clays begins with megacrystals of smectite that incorporate smaller packets of iUite (163). These constituents are observed as mixed-layer minerals in x-ray analysis. Diagenesis increases the percentage of iUite layer and with increasing alteration the mixed-layer mineral takes on the characteristics of an iUite dominated iUite—smectite. 

W. D. KeUer, "Diagenesis of Clay Minerals—A Review," Proceedings of the 11th National Conference of Clays and Clay Minerals, 1962, Pergamon Press, Inc., New York, 1963. 

Mineral diagenesis, which is the transformation of one mineral into another by some microorganisms, can be an indirect effect of aerobic and anaerobic microbial metabolism (Ehrlich 2002 Kurek 2002). The... 

Diagenesis is the set of processes by which sediments evolve after they are deposited and begin to be buried. Diagenesis includes physical effects such as compaction and the deformation of grains in the sediment (or sedimentary rock), as well as chemical reactions such as the dissolution of grains and the precipitation of minerals to form cements in the sediment s pore space. The chemical aspects of diagenesis are of special interest here. 

Pate, F.D. and Hutton, J.T. (1988). The use of soil chemistry data to address post-mortem diagenesis in bone mineral. Journal of Archaeological Science 15 729-739. 

Inherent in all these methodologies, which measure either absolute Sr levels or strontium isotope ratios in mineralized tissue, is the assumption that diagenesis has not altered the signal since death. This has been a matter of some considerable debate (e.g., Nelson et al. 1986), but the consensus of current opinion amongst practitioners is that the repeated acid-washing procedures used remove any diagenetic mineral, because it has a higher... 

The geochemical fate of most reactive substances (trace metals, pollutants) is controlled by the reaction of solutes with solid surfaces. Simple chemical models for the residence time of reactive elements in oceans, lakes, sediment, and soil systems are based on the partitioning of chemical species between the aqueous solution and the particle surface. The rates of processes involved in precipitation (heterogeneous nucleation, crystal growth) and dissolution of mineral phases, of importance in the weathering of rocks, in the formation of soils, and sediment diagenesis, are critically dependent on surface species and their structural identity. 

Table III summarizes the parameters that affect Brrfnsted acid-catalyzed surface reactions. The range of reaction conditions investigated varies widely, from extreme dehydration at high temperatures in studies on the use of clay minerals as industrial catalysts, to fully saturated at ambient temperatures. Table IV lists reactions that have been shown or suggested to be promoted by Br nsted acidity of clay mineral surfaces along with representative examples. Studies have been concerned with the hydrolysis of organophosphate pesticides (70-72), triazines (73), or chemicals which specifically probe neutral, acid-, and base-catalyzed hydrolysis (74). Other reactions have been studied in the context of diagenesis or catagenesis of biological markers (22-24) or of chemical synthesis using clays as the catalysts (34, 36). Mechanistic interpretations of such reactions can be found in the comprehensive review by Solomon and Hawthorne (37).

Diagenesis increases with depth and time of burial [34]. Maturation (also termed catagenesis) is the result of elevated heat and pressure acting on OM, and interactions with mineral surfaces and complexed metals may also be involved... 

Schauble EA, Rossman GR, Taylor HP (2001) Theoretical estimates of equilibrium Fe-isotope fractionations from vibrational spectroscopy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 2487-2497 Severmann S, Larsen O, Palmer MR, Nuster J (2002) The isotopic signature of Fe-mineralization during early diagenesis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 A698... 

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