Diacylglycerols applications

Considerable recent research has defined conditions for successful use of lipases and other enzymes in numerous lipid modification reactions, including a variety of types of interesterifications (69, 71, 76). For edible applications to date, they have been employed at industrial scales for the production of (1) cocoa butter substitutes, for which disaturated, monounsaturated acylglycerols with the unsaturated fatty acid in the sn-2 position are desired (77) (2) to produce human milkfat analogues, where 2-palmitoyl acylglycerols are desired (77) (3) in the synthesis of 1,3- di-acylglycerols (78) and in the production of diacylglycerols for edible applications. These reactions employ vegetable oils as feedstocks. 

The solid fat content of a fat determines its applications and usage. As an oil with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in roughly equal proportions, solids exist from 50°C down to 10°C (Table 3.7). At a temperature of 10°C, the solid content amounts to about 50%, reducing to half of this at 20°C. The variation between samples arises from differences in fatty acid and TAG compositions, as well as in the levels of diacylglycerol in the oil. Siew and Ng (1999) observed that 10% of added diacylglycerol reduces the solids content by 20%. 

Vinogradova O, Badola P, Czerski L, Sonnichsen ED, Sanders CR (1997) Escherichia coli diacylglycerol kinase a case study in the application of solution NMR methods to an integral membrane protein. Biophys J 72 2688-2701... 

Watanabe, H. (2003) Further Application of Diacylglycerol Functions, in Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids Invited Papers from the Fifth International Congress (Huang, Y.-S., Lin, S.-J., and Huang, P.-C., eds.) pp. 333-338, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. 

The separation of simple lipid classes from a lipid fraction aims to obtain distinct fractions of sterol esters, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free sterols, free fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, and wax esters. There are numerous methods for lipid class separation, traditionally employing adsorption chromatography with silica gel columns, with increasing use currently of bonded phases such as the nitrile, diol, and polyvinylalcohol phases and of ELSD. These bonded phases give much better reproducibility of retention times than do the usual silica gel columns. Nevertheless, refractive index detection with silica gel columns and isocratic elution is still frequently employed for routine applications. 

Gertz, C., Fiebig, H.-J. Statement on the applicability of methods for the determination of pyropheo-phytin A and isomeric diacylglycerols in virgin olive oils. German Society for Fat Science (DGF), Division Analysis and Quality Assurance, Munster. 2005... 

In a novel application of capillary GC, diastereomeric diacylglycerols of short-chain fatty acids were resolved on a WCOT column coated with a non-polar phase in the form of the a-methoxy-a-trifluoromethyl-phenylacetic acid derivatives, and the structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry [608]. 

APPLICATIONS OF AN ASSAY FOR UDPGal DIACYLGLYCEROL GALAC-TOSYLTRANSFERASE... 

A recent application of our 2-deoxypentofuranose chemistry has resulted in the synthesis of rigid analogs of diacylglycerols as inhibitors of protein kinase C (PK-C). The four isomers of 2-deoxypentofuranonolactones were prepared as illustrated for the 2S, 3/ -... 

In those experiments, neurons obtained from the spinal cord of embryonic rats were labeled by incubation with various radioactive lipid precursors, and exposed to bradykinin. Application of this peptide raised the levels of unesterified arachidonate, but had no effect on lysophospholipids, arguing against an involvement of PLA2. By contrast, appearance of the free fatty acid was preceded by a transient increase in 1,2 diacylglycerol content which took place within a few seconds of exposure to bradykinin. Because of its rapid time-course, this rise in 1,2 diacylglycerol may derive from the direct stimulation of a PLC activity. 

---