Dextran sodium sulphate

Iron dextran injection contains a complex of iron hydroxide with dextrans of average molecular weight between 5000 and 7000, and is used for the treatment of iron-defieiency anaemia in situations where oral therapy is ineffeetive or impractical. The sodium salt of sulphurie aeid esters of dextran, i.e. dextran sodium sulphate, has anti-eoagulant properties eomparable with heparin and is formulated as an injection for intravenous use. 

Dextran sodium sulphate Powder for preparing solution Autoclave Anticoagulant (intravenous use of solution... 

M. Nitta, I. Hirata, K. Toshina, M. Murano, K. Maemura, N. Hashimoto, S. Sasaki, H. Yamauchi, K. Katsu, Expression of the EP4 prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype with rat dextran sodium sulphate colitis Colitis suppression by a selective agonist, ONO-AE1-329, Scand. J. Immunol. 56 (2002) 66. 

Reardon, C., Sanchez, A., Hogaboam, C.M. and McKay, D.M. (2001). Tapeworm infection reduces the ion transport abnormalities induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) colitis. Infection and Immunity 69, 4417 f423. 

Another aspect from the drug delivery point of view is the combined use of different types of permeation enhancers in the same formulation. Whitehead et al. (2008), for instance, could show a synergistic effect of binary combinations of hexylamine and chembetaine and ternary combinations of sodium laureth sulphate, decyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and chembetaine on the uptake of 70 kDa dextran from Caco-2 monolayer while inducing very little toxicity in Caco-2 cells. 

Islam, M.S. Murata, T. Fujisawa, M. Nagasaka, R. Ushio, FI. Bari, A.M. Hori, M. Ozaki, H. 2008. Anti-inflammatory effects of phytosteryl ferulates in colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 154 812-824. 

The anti-HSV-1 activity of Ca-SP was assessed by plaque yield reduction and compared with those of dextran sulphate as a representative sulphated PS. These data indicate that Ca-SP is a potent antiviral agent against HSV-1, as even at low concentrations of Ca-SP, no enhancement of virus-induced syncytium formation was observed, as occurred in dextran sulphate-treated cultures. Reeently, Lee et al. [73] investigated the effects of structural modifications of Ca-SP on antiviral activity. Calcium ion binding with the anionic part of the molecule was replaeed with various metal cations, and their inhibitory effects on the replication of HSV-1 were evaluated. Replacement of calcium ion with sodium and potassium ions maintained the antiviral activity, while divalent and trivalent metal cations reduced the activity. Depolymerization of sodium spirulan with hydrogen peroxide decreased the antiviral activity as its molecular weight decreased. 

Sakata A., Yasuda K, Ochiai T., Shimeno H., Hikishima S., Yokomatsu T., Shibuya S., Soeda S., Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced release of interleukin-8 from intestinal epithelial cells by SMA., a novel inhibitor of sphingomyelinase and its therapeutic effect on dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Cell Immunol, 245 (2007a) 24-31. 

Sakata, A., Ochiai, T., Shimeno, H., Hikishima, S., Yokomatsu, T., Shibuya, S., Toda, A., Eyanagi, R., Soeda, S., Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and protects against disease pathology in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Immunology, 122 (2007b) 54-64. 

As well as net charge, the surface hydrophobicity of proteins is another variable biophysical property that can be exploited in protein purification. Direct phase partition between aqueous solutions and dextran/polyethylene glycol has been used to separate two proteins with very similar charge properties and similar molecular weights (rat cr-foetoprotein and serum albumin). Similarly, cytochrome bjs, from chromaffin granule membranes, solubilized in octaethyleneglycol dodecylether and sodium cholate, could be separated from 50% saturated ammonium sulphate as a distinct viscous layer when the pH was dropped to 5.6. Denaturation at liquid-liquid interfaces usually precludes the use of this type of experiment in most applications. 

Chitosan and sodium dextran sulphate solutions have co-reacted under various experimental conditions to form a water-insoluble hydrous precipi-tate. ... 

The phase transformations and phase compositions during interaction of dextran sulphate and proteins precipitating in the vicinity of their isoelectric points have been investigated using nephelometry and chemical analysis. Sodium dextran sulphate and chitosan solutions have been co-reacted under various experimental conditions to form a water-insoluble hydrous precipitate. ... 

Conditions for the formation of insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes between chitosan and sodium dextran sulphate have been investigated. ... 

Araki, Y., Andoh, A., Fujiyama, Y. et al. (2000) Effects of germinated barley foodstuff on microflora and short chain fatty acid production in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Biosci. Biochem., 64, 1794-1800. 

Vidda, S., VHaseca, J., Garcia-Lafuente, A. etal (1998) Dietary inulin prevents distal colitis indnced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Gastroenterol, 114, G4514. 

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