Devices pump infusion

Administering infusions is safer when the nurse uses a pump. Infusion devices prevent inadvertent rapid administration of fluids, and pumps also prevent the transfusion from slowing down (blood is very thick) and not infusing within the time period. 

Active pumping infusion devices combine electronics with a mechanism to generate flow. These devices have higher performance standards than simple gravity flow regulators. The Association for the... 

A tube or line is necessary for the transport of the infusion solution from the container to the venous access device. The administration can be done by gravity or pump-infusion or by syringes and syringe pumps. 

Masci, P., Ayoub, A., Curzon, P., Harrison, M.D., Lee, 1., Thimbleby, H. Verification of interactive software for medical devices PGA infusion pumps and FDA regulation as an example. In EICS 2013. ACM Digital Library (2013)... 

Electronic infusion devices are classided as either infusion controllers or infusion pumps. The primary difference between die two is diat an infusion pump adds pressure to die infusion, whereas an infusion controller does not. An infusion pump may be used to deliver the desired number of drops per minute. An alarm is set to sound if the IV is more than or less dian the preset rate... 

Controllers and pumps have detectors and alarms that alert the nurse to various problems, such as air in the line, an occlusion, low battery, completion of an infusion, or an inability to deliver the preset rate When any problem is detected by the device, an alarm is activated to alert the nurse Potential complications in IV dierapy are die same as diose widi peripheral line... 

Promoting an Optimal Response to Therapy Fhtients receiving an IV fluid should be made as comfortable as possible, although under some circumstances this may be difficult. The extremity used for administration should be made comfortable and supported as needed by a small pillow or other device An IV infusion pump may be ordered for the administration of these solutions. The nurse sets the alarm of the infusion pump and checks the functioning of the unit at frequent intervals. 

Insulin pump therapy consists of a programmable infusion device that allows for basal infusion of insulin 24 hours daily, as well as bolus administration following meals. As seen in Fig. 40-3, an insulin pump consists of a programmable infusion device with an insulin reservoir. This pump is attached to an infusion set with a small needle that is inserted in subcutaneous tissue in the patient s abdomen, thigh, or arm. Most patients prefer insertion in abdominal tissue because this site provides optimal insulin absorption. Patients should avoid insertion sites along belt lines or in other areas where clothing may cause undue irritation. Infusion sets should be changed every 2 to 3 days to reduce the possibility of infection. 

The mechanical pump approach employs miniature mechanical devices, such as implantable and portable infusion pumps and percutaneous infusion catheters, to deliver drugs into appro priate blood vessels or to a discrete site in the body. When compared with the... 

The closed-loop system (often termed the artificial pancreas ) is essentially a more sophisticated version of the system described above. It consists not only of a pump and infusion device, but also of an integral glucose sensor and computer that analyses the blood glucose data obtained and adjusts the flow rate accordingly. The true potential of such systems remains to be assessed. 

Drug delivery pump and/or catheter infusion pump for implantation iontophor-eses device. 

II.f.1.3. Insulin delivery. Traditionally insulin was given intramuscularly and later subcutaneously. New technology has provided devices for insulin administrations including pen-devices, air powered injectors, external insulin infusion pumps (or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII), and implantable insulin infusion pumps. Some novel forms of insulin delivery have been introduced, for example intranasal insulin gives peak insulin concentrations at 10-20 minutes after administration, but most insulin is still administered subcutaneously. 

Controlled-rate infusion devices, as well as feedback-regulated drug delivery devices, have the potential to improve drug safety and efficacy. With advancement in computer technology and miniaturization of precision motors, highly compact computer-controlled infusion pumps are now available for insulin delivery. These pumps, weighing about 3 to 4 ounces, can be... 

For persons with type 1 diabetes, insulin replacement therapy is necessary to sustain life. Pharmacologic insulin is administered by injection into the subcutaneous tissue using a manual injection device or an insulin pump that continuously infuses insulin under the skin. Interruption of the insulin replacement therapy can be life-threatening and can result in diabetic ketoacidosis or death. Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by insufficient or absent insulin and results from excess release of fatty acids and subsequent formation of toxic levels of ketoacids. 

CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN INFUSION DEVICES (CSII, INSULIN PUMPS)... 

Source Adapted from Patient-controlled analgesic infusion pumps. Health Devices. 2001 30 168, 169,182 with permission. 

Microminiature drug delivery device. This is the heart of the implanted medication systems. The drug delivery device often consists of a diaphragm-operated infusion pump that supplies drug at a constant predetermined rate to the body. The pump is connected to the drug reservoir, which, in some cases, may be recharged when exhausted. Today, the available electronic components are so miniature that they can be implanted comfortably even in newborn babies. The pump can be programmed for a constant or variable basal infusion of medication with a repetitive period of from 1 hour to 60 days. By far the most frequently used basal period is 24 hours. A period of 28 days is available, particularly for the infusion of sex hormones to mimic the female menstrual cycle. 

Blanco and Samadani37 obtained a patent for the construction of a microprosessor-based insulin pump that works in a similar fashion to the Biostator. The implantable infusion device consists of a catheter, an information-transmitting sensor located in the catheter, a microprocessor, a pump, the drug reservoir, and a power source. The pump, the sensor, and the valves are connected by appropriate leads to the microprocessor. The device is implanted in the subcutaneous tissue in the chest area, and the infusion catheter is tethered intravenously to a central location, such as the right atrium. The device is inserted with the inlet port facing outward so that it may be refilled periodically by a physician. 

Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Devices (Csii, Insulin Pumps)... 

Their pumping mechanism is the roller peristaltic action which is also used for flow control. But the power consumption is high and the battery in some of these pumps needs to be replaced practically every day (6). The clinical infusion devices aforementioned are much too expensive for research purposes in laboratory animals, which are used because their inbreeding helps to avoid variations in pharmacological action due to genetic factors. Thus, there is a need to devise a simple and low cost infusion pump that can readily be modified in size or flow rate to accommodate different research requirements. 

Administration errors can also occur with devices used to administer and monitor medications. Metered-dose inhalers, nebulizers, infusion pumps. 

An infusion control device (ICD) is a device that maintains a constant infusion rate in a gravity flow system (controller) or via a positive pressure pump. A positive pressure pump is a device that provides mechanical pressure (2-12 psi) to overcome the resistance to flow in the vessels. The types of positive pressure pumps are categorized according to how they deliver the solution and their degree of precision in the flow rate. Positive pressure pumps include peristaltic pumps, cassette pumps, syringe pumps, non-electiic or disposable pumps, and patient-controlled analgesic... 

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