Device States

Discrete Device States Discrete devices such as two-position valves can be driven to either of two possible states. Such devices can be optionally outfitted with limit switches that indicate the state of the device. For two-position valves, the following combinations are possible ... 

For each process state, the various discrete devices are expected to be in a specified device state. For process state Transfer from A, the device states might be as follows ... 

For many batch processes, process state representations are a very convenient mechanism for representing the batch logic. A grid or table can be construc ted, with the process states as rows and the discrete device states as columns (or vice versa). For each process state, the state of eveiy discrete device is specified to be one of the following ... 

Device state 0, which may be valve closed, agitator off, and so on... 

Many batch software packages also recognize process states. A configuration tool is provided to define a process state. With such a mechanism, the batch logic does not need to drive individual devices but can simply command that the desired process state be achieved. The system software then drives the discrete devices to the device states required for the target process state. This normally includes the following ... 

Given a basic block diagram of a typical pressure detection device, STATE the purpose of the following blocks ... 

Before we look at the preparation and functionality of various molecular devices, we will first consider how evaluate the state of a molecular device. Evaluating the state of a molecular device is often deeply connected to an important process reading the signal from a device. Molecular devices are usually combined with external devices that can take in signals from the device and convert them into a form that we can understand and interpret. Therefore, it is important to understand the methods used to evaluate molecular device state. 

The unique combination of rich molecular information (physical and chemical), high spatial resolution, nondestructive nature, and simplicity makes pRS an extremely valuable tool for characterization of nanostructures. As illustrated by numerous examples in this chapter, pRS has been applied to a wide variety of nanostructures. For instance, pRS has emerged to be an indispensible tool in the characterization of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. There are only few recent reports in the literature where pRS has been applied to individual inorganic nanostructures such as ZnO, GaN nanowires to probe the crystalline orientation of the nanostructures in a nondestructive and in-device state. We believe that the application of pRS technique is still in its infancy especially in the context of characterizing individual nanostructures. 

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