Developing countries education

III.b.1.6. Continuing in-service medical education as a licensure requirement. Continuing in-service medical education (CME) is a requirement for licensure of health professionals in many industrialized countries. In many developing countries opportunities for CME are limited and there is also no incentive since it is not required for continued licensure. CME is likely to be more effective if it is... 

Interpretation and application of the precautionary principle by advisers and the educated elites in many developing countries are detrimental to the health and economic development in those countries. This chapter is an examination of several examples of this phenomenon, with a special focus on how unwarranted concern about adverse health and environmental impacts of DDT has caused a resurgence of malaria and deaths from that disease. Developing countries need to be very careful when employing the precautionary principle because their advisers may not appreciate the harm that can result. 

Treatment programs are also needed to address the concerns of opiate users in developing countries. For example, some Afghan refugee camps have found a need to treat refugees for opium addiction. These refugees include laborers and those dealing with the pain of war wounds. In such situations, treatment options may include alternative medication and education. 

Developing countries face some of the same problems with POPs as developed countries. However, there are other problems that are unique to developing countries. The United Nations has identified some of the problems facing developing countries with regards to POPs [165]. Problems can generally be divided into three sections those of a technical and economic nature, those of a legal nature and those of an educational nature. 

Experience and studies suggest that the problem of POPs is one that must be tackled jointly between developed and developing nations. It is not enough to ban their manufacture and use because their persistence means they continue to be found in the environment for years. Bans must be accompanied by educational programmes and real alternatives, otherwise poor inhabitants of developing countries will simply seek out the cheapest options available to them, which quite often are the banned POPs. Such alternatives might have to come via aid from developed countries. 

Obsolete pesticides are also a barrier to sustainable development in emerging countries. The disposal of obsolete pesticides is an expensive process. Developing countries have neither the financial nor the technical resources to cany out di sal operations, and therefore they have to depend on external funding. The money they need for disposal operations cannot be used for the development of the country, such as improvement of the infrastructure, the health sector or education projects. 

In addition to age, other factor s are associated with an inareased risk of AD. In developed countries, AD appears to be more common in v omen. Lack of education is a risk factor for senile dementia in China and Europe (Zhang et al., 1990 Schmand et al., 1997). Head daunra is also a risk factor for both sporadic (Mortimer et al., 1991) and familial AD (Guo et al., 2000). Silent myocardial infarcts and coronary stenosis triple the risk for AD (Aronson etal., 1990 Sparks etal., 1990), suggesting the importance of vascular risk factors. Other potential risk factors being studied include diabetes and hypertension (Ott et al., 1999 Peila et al., 2002 Qiu etal., 2005). As discussed below, a large number of genetic mutations are now associated with either early-onset AD or with increased risk of late-onset AD. 

The Internet has become an increasingly important medium for publishing and sharing green chemistry educational materials, and as Internet access in developing countries continues to improve, web-based educational materials are likely to be more easily accessible and more widely adopted than textbooks. As of 2008, numerous teaching materials, tools, and databases for students and teachers are already available at no cost. These include the following ... 

Korea is a densely populated country with few natural resources. The well-educated and self-motivated population have contributed to Korea s becoming one of the fastest growing economies in Asia. In 1996, it became a member of the Organisation of Economically Developed Countries (OEDC). 

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