Detergents, additives builders

Detergent additives Detergent aklylation Detergent builders... 

In addition to surfactants, a number of other materials are present in formulated laundry detergents. Among these are materials called builders. Their main purpose is to counter the detrimental effects of polyvalent cations on detergency. Polyvalent cations are introduced into the wash bath mainly by water hardness but may also come from soil or substrate. In addition, builders serve to increase the detersive effidency and effectiveness of surfactants and to supplement their beneficial effects on soil removal. 

Thickeners, dispersants, adhesives, detergent additives Laundry detergent builder Hair shampoo resins Dispersant... 

Uses Surfactant detergent additive thickening promoter antistat substantive to most surfs, incl. fabrics, glass, paper, and metals flotation agent for removal of impurities from clay and ores adhesion promoter In asphalt emulsifier In solvent cleaners in add cleaners vise, builder for attapulgite clay In paints/coatings corrosion inhibitor In primers, paints lubricant, corrosion Inhibitor In metals Properties Gardner 10 max. cl. liq. oil-sol. sp.gr. 0.90 g/l amine value 160 90% min. Imidazoline... 

CAS 61791-66-6 EINECS/ELINCS 238-311-0 Uses Foaming agent detergent additive vise, builder Properties Liq. 30% cone. 

Nonionie Detergents. Nonionic surfactants rarely are used as the primary cleansing additives ia shampoos. They are generally poor foaming, but have value as additives to modify shampoo properties, eg, as viscosity builders, solubilizers, emulsifiers, and conditioning aids. 

An unknown commercial detergent may contain some combination of anionic, nonionic, cationic, and possibly amphoteric surfactants, inorganic builders and fillers as weU as some minor additives. In general, the analytical scheme iacludes separation of nonsurfactant and inorganic components from the total mixture, classification of the surfactants, separation of iadividual surfactants, and quantitative determination (131). 

The information presented in this chapter is intended to provide a brief overview of the composition, performance, and formulation properties of LAS by itself and in combination with other surfactants. The particular performance synergies and processing characteristics of certain combinations of surfactants are discussed briefly. The examples of mixed active formulations provided herein represent to the best of the author s knowledge the approximate levels of major surfactants in actual household detergent products both past and present. This does not imply that these formulations are complete because many additives, such as bleaches, enzymes, builders, hydrotropes, thickeners, perfumes, and coloring agents, may also be present in varying amounts. 

Detergency was ascertained as the quotient of the whiteness obtained and the whiteness which is theoretically possible, expressed as a percentage. Samples of artificial soiled fabrics are washed under given conditions. Aqueous solutions of alkanephosphonic acid bisdiisopropanolamides show a notable detergency without addition of a builder, e.g., sodium triphosphate [190] see Table 12. 

Addition of suitable builders, such as sodium silicates or sodium tripolyphosphate, could increase the detergency of soap-LSDA blend even further. A systematic investigation of three-component systems, soap-LSDA builder, showed that a detergency maximum could be attained which corresponded to a certain fixed ratio of components. Maximum detergency corresponded to an approximate composition of 75% soap, 10% MES, and 15% metasilicate. The tests were carried out at 50°C and at 300 ppm water hardness which is well above that of U.S. municipal water supplies. The principle of detergency potentiation of soap by an LSDA and builder was always evident, even when using other artificially soiled cloths, such as those supplied by U.S. Testing Co. or Testfabrics Inc. 

In this segment of the processing, the neutralized sulfonates and/or sulfates are first blended with builders and additives in the crutcher. The slurry is then pumped to the top of a spray tower of about 4.5-6.1 m (15-20 ft) in diameter by 45-61 m (150-200 ft) in height, where nozzles spray out detergent slurry. A large volume of hot air enters the bottom of the tower and rises to... 

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