Detective quantum efficiency DQE

Sandborg, M. and G. Alm-Carlsson, Influence of x-ray energy spectrum, contrasting detail and detector on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) in projection radiography. Phys. Med. Biol., 1992. 37(6) p. 1245-1263. 

The efficiency of detectors can be discussed using a more general term called the detective quantum efficiency (DQE)... 

Rg. 9. Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) as a function of the X-ray exposure level. O, indicate the IP system for MoKa and CuKp, respectively. A, A indicate Kodak DEF-5 X-ray film for MoKa and CuKp, respectively... 

Gruner, S.M. Milch, J.R. Reynolds, G.T. Evaluation of area photon detectors by a method based on detective quantum efficiency (DQE). IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 1978, NS-25, 562-565. 

One of the parameters characterising the EELS detection system is its Detective Quantum Efficiency, DQE, defined as the ratio of the number of counts to the mean square fluctuation in them. A detection system is said to have unit DQE if it is shot noise limited, i.e. the mean square signal variation in a chaimel is equal to the number of counts within it. However, channel-to-channel gain variations in photodiode arrays, dark current, and detector noise... 

For detectors other than pure photon counters where the detector introduces some noise the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is defined as... 

We can characterize the performance of the imaging system by determining how efficiendy it transfers the input SNR to the system output (i.e.,the observer). The detective quantum efficiency (DQE) computes the ratio ... 

In Chap. 1, the basic concepts of noise in X-ray imaging were introduced and the dependence of one source, referred to as X-ray quantum noise, on the number of X-rays used to form the image, was discussed. In addition, several quantities used to describe imaging performance, namely the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the signal-difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR), the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), and the noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) were reviewed. 

High detective quantum efficiency (DQE) across all dose levels, in particular for CsI/aSi-based flat detectors. 

It is useful to envision a perfect array as a benchmark for how far we have progressed. My personal definition is an array with roughly 10 pixds, each, of which has detective quantum efficiency (DQE) > 50% and works at the background limit in any foreseeable application. Evm more ambitious definitions cotdd be formulated and more ambitious arrays would produce advances in many types of measurement. Howeva, from watchii my colleagues in optical astronomy, I have noted that many considerations besides performance become important once my perfect array becomes available. 

Image-recording systems based on photochemical processes whether in classical silver halide or in organic nonconventlonal materials have not only to take care of the quantum yield in the sense of the Stark-Elnsteln law of the photochemical equivalent, but they must also consider the detective quantum efficiency or DQE because they can be affected by several kinds of fluctuations. 

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