Dermal LDS

Health and Safety Factors. See "General Health and Safety Eactors." The following toxicides for adiponitrile have been reported oral LD q (rats), 300 mg/kg dermal LD q (rabbits), 2,134 mg/kg and inhalation 4-h LC q (i ts), 1.7 mg. NIOSH has proposed an exposure limit of 4 ppm as a TWA (68). 

Toxicity studies on trifluoroethanol show acute oral LD q, 240 mg/kg acute dermal LD q, 1680 mg/kg and acute inhalation L(ct) Q, 4600 ppmh. Long-term subchronic inhalation exposure to 50—150 ppm of the alcohol has caused testicular depression in male rats, but no effects were noted at the 10 ppm level (32). Although the significance of the latter observations for human safety is unknown, it is recommended that continuous exposure to greater than 5 ppm or skin contact with it be avoided. 

Although there is Httle toxicity information pubHshed on hydrides, a threshold limit value (TLV) for lithium hydride in air of 25 fig/has been established (52). More extensive data are available (53) for sodium borohydride in the powder and solution forms. The acute oral LD q of NaBH is 50-100 mg/kg for NaBH and 50-1000 mg/kg for the solution. The acute dermal LD q (on dry skin) is 4-8 g/kg for NaBH and 100-500 mg/kg for the solution. The reaction or decomposition by-product sodium metaborate is slightly toxic orally (LD q is 2000-4000 mg/kg) and nontoxic dermally. 

Pyrethroid Esters of Benzene Acetate. These insecticides have more extensive stmctural optimization in both acid and alcohol moieties. Fenvalerate [51630-58-17, a-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (+)-(2R,5)"Ct"isoprop5i-4-chlorophenylacetate (24) d 1.17, vp 1.4 p.Pa at 25°C), a mixture of four isomers, is soluble in water to 0.3 mg/L The rat oral LD q is 450 mg/kg. Esfenvalerate [66230-04-4] is the (+)-2-(i, 5)-isomer (mp 59°C). The rat LD qS are 75, 458 (oral), and the rabbit dermal LD q is 2000 mg/kg. These pyrethroids are widely used general-purpose insecticides for field, vegetable, and fmit crops. 

Compound Acute oral LD q, g/kg (lat) Inhalation toxicity, LC q Dermal LD, g/kg (rabbit) Rem arks... 

Dermal Toxicity. Fatty alkylamines are not considered especially toxic with regard to skin penetration and systemic absorption into the body certain polyamines may be absorbed through the skin to a much greater degree. The acute dermal LD q of decylamine in rabbits has been reported to be... 

Toxicology. Isoquinoline is a poison when ingested or injected intraperitoneally. Even in cases of skin contact it is moderately toxic. As in the case of quinoline, its vapors are irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Exposure causes headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Rapid absorption through the skin makes it a dangerous chemical. Its toxicity is oral LD q (i t)> mg/kg, and dermal LD q (rabbit), 590 mg/kg (65,66,182,183). 

Health and Safety Factors. Neopentanoic acid possesses low toxicity, either by ingestion (oral LD q in rats is 2.0 g/kg) or by skin absorption (dermal LD q in rabbits is 3.16 g/kg). The principal ha2ards associated with neopentanoic acid at ambient temperatures are from eye and skin irritation. At elevated temperatures, where concentrations of the vapor are significant, irritation of the respiratory tract can also occur. Contact with the material should be avoided. 

Health and Safety Factors. The C q trialkylacetic acids have toxicities similar to those for other neo acids oral LD q in rats is 2.0 g/kg, and dermal LD q in rabbits is 3.16 g/kg. 

Dye name CAS Registry Number Oral LD q Dermal LD q Intraperitoneal LD q ... 

Death Rabbit (NS) once 8.9 mg/kg F (dermal LD ) Ballantyne 1983a KCN... 

Rabbit (New Zealand) once 6.3 F mg/kg (dermal LD -moist skin) Ballantyne 1988 NaCN... 

The dermal LDs° value for both mirex and chlordecone in rats was reported to be in excess of 2,000 mg/kg (Gaines 1969). In male rabbits exposed dermally to chlordecone in corn oil, an LDs° value of 410 mg/kg was reported (Larson et al. 1979b). All reliable LDso values for death in rats and rabbits following acute-duration exposure for mirex and chlordecone are recorded in Tables 2-3 and 2-4, respectively. 

For heptachlor dissolved in xylene and administered once, Gaines (1969) reported LDso values in Sherman rats of 195 mg/kg (males) and 250 mg/kg (females). Therefore, the dermal LD so for heptachlor in rats is between 195 and 250 mg/kg heptachlor (Ben-Dyke et al. 1970 Gaines 1969). The studies are limited by the lack of procedural details regarding the vehicle used for administration and the absence of data on the purity of the test compounds. 

Dennis MW Acute Dermal LD o Toxicity Study E-2B, E6-B, E-8, E-14B, E-10, E-11, E-12 with cover letter dated 03/31/82. Document no. 88-8100360, Washington DC, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, 1982... 

An 8-hour exposure of rats to an essentially saturated atmosphere failed to cause any deaths. The acute oral LDso for rats ranged from 2.5 to 3.1 ml/kg. The dermal LD so values for rabbits and guinea pigs were 0.8 and 5 g/kg, respectively. ... 

In animals, a dose of 260 mg/cm applied to the skin of guinea pigs resulted in 25% mortality within 5 days, with 65% mortality at a dose of 1,000 mg/cm2 (Wahiberg and Roman 1979). The dermal LD 50 was estimated to be greater than 15,000 mg/kg in rabbits ana guinea pigs that were exposed to carbon tetrachloride for 24 hours (Roudabush et al. 1965). 

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