Dermal hyaluronan

The development history of the first intra-dermal hyaluronan-based microimplants warrants brief review. Since the early 1980s, HA microimplant injections have been commonly and widely used for correction of depressive cosmetic defects. In 1984-1988, the preparation... 

Tammi, R. et al., Hyaluronan and CD44 in psoriatic skin. Intense staining for hyaluronan on dermal capillary loops and reduced expression of CD44 and hyaluronan in keratinocyte-leukocyte interfaces, Arch. Derm. Res., 286, 21, 1994. 

Taylor, K.R. et al., Hyaluronan fragments stimulate dermal endothelial recognition of injury through TLR4, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 17079, 2004. 

Tammi, R. et al., Degradation of newly synthesized high molecular mass hyaluronan in the epidermal and dermal compartments of human skin in organ culture, J. Invest. Dermatol., 97, 126, 1991. 

The hyaluronan content of skin has been estimated to be between 0.03% and 0.09%, and dermatan sulfate represents 30 to 40% of dermal proteoglycans. The GAG content is reported to decrease with respect to the amount of protein with increased age, and a recent report suggests that there is a decrease in the proportion of versican and an increase in decorin with increased age, which is associated with the appearance of a small PG that may be a catabolic fragment of decorin. 

Hollander DA, Soranzo C, Falk S, Windolf J. Extensive traumatic soft tissue loss reconstruction in severely injured patients using cultured hyaluronan-based three-dimensional dermal and epidermal autografts. J Trauma 2001 ... 

The first cross-linked hyaluronan gel developed and clinically tested for dermal augmentation was produced by cross-linking with divinyl sulfone (DVS hylan B)... 

Ghosh K, Ren X-D, Shu XZ, Prestwich GD, Clark RAF. Fibronectin functional domains coupled to hyaluronan stimulate adult human dermal fibroblast responses critical for wound healing. Tissue Eng 2006 12 601-613. 

W. Zhang, C. E. Watson, C. Liu, K. J. Williams and V. P. Wirth, Glucocorticoids induce a near-total suppression of hyaluronan synthase mRNA in dermal fibroblasts and in osteoblasts a molecular mechanism contributing to organ atrophy, Biochem. J., 2000, 349, 91-97. 

Underhill CB. Hyaluronan is inversely correlated with expression of CD44 in the dermal condensation of the embryonic hair follicle. J Invest Dermatol 1993 101 820-826. 

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